Articles: postoperative-pain.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Apr 1988
Fentanyl blood concentration-analgesic response relationship in the treatment of postoperative pain.
The inter- and intrasubject variability in blood concentration-analgesic response relationship for fentanyl were investigated using the technique of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) in 30 consenting patients scheduled for surgical procedures involving an abdominal incision (15 upper and 15 lower abdominal incisions). All patients had a thiopental, nitrous oxide/oxygen, pancuronium anesthetic with 200 microgram fentanyl intraoperatively. Postoperative pain relief was provided with fentanyl from a Janssen On-Demand Analgesic Computer (ODAC) set to provide a basal infusion rate of 20 microgram/hr, a bolus "demand" dose of 20 microgram, and a lockout period of 5 minutes. ⋯ The mean (+/- SD) hourly fentanyl dose rate and total cumulative dose were 55.8 +/- 22 microgram/hr (range 28.8 to 136 microgram/hr) and 2739 +/- 1191 microgram (range 900 to 6260 microgram), respectively. The mean (+/- SD) MEC was 0.63 +/- 0.25 ng/ml (five-fold range from 0.23 to 1.18) and the mean intrapatient coefficient of variation in MEC was 30.2% (range 16 to 46%). The MEC values remained relatively constant in all patients over the 48-hour study period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Apr 1988
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical TrialEpidural sufentanil for intra- and postoperative analgesia in thoracic surgery: a comparative study with intravenous sufentanil.
A comparative study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of epidural sufentanil in providing intra- and postoperative analgesia during thoracic surgery. Sufentanil was chosen on the basis of its high lipid solubility and its potent opiate receptor binding. Epidural sufentanil was compared with intravenous sufentanil as the major intraoperative analgetic agent in an anesthesia regimen with midazolam and nitrous oxide. ⋯ Sufentanil provided good analgesia with a very fast onset and a mean duration of almost 7 h. Severe respiratory depression was observed in one patient within 1 h of extubation, probably due to the combined effects of the narcotic administration and residual midazolam. It is concluded that 50 micrograms of sufentanil administered in the thoracic epidural space provides valuable intraoperative analgesia which can easily be extended into the postoperative period, although all necessary precautions for epidural opiate administration should be taken.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation after thoracotomy. Pain relief and peak expiratory flow rate--a trial of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.
Forty patients scheduled to undergo thoracotomy were randomly allocated to receive either transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation with intramuscular papaveretum (20 patients) or intramuscular papaveretum alone (20 patients) for postoperative pain relief. Total intramuscular analgesic requirements in the first 24 hours, time to satisfactory transfer to oral analgesia, antiemetic requirements and length of stay in hospital postoperatively were noted. ⋯ Use of nerve stimulation did not significantly alter the requirements for analgesia although there was a reduction in postoperative nausea and vomiting in the nerve stimulation group. There was no difference between the two groups with respect to changes in peak expiratory flow rate.
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Twenty-four otherwise healthy patients scheduled for elective major abdominal surgery received general anaesthesia plus lumbar extradural analgesia. A loading dose of 0.5% plain bupivacaine was given to produce sensory analgesia (pin prick) from T4 to S5 and followed by a continuous infusion of 0.5% plain bupivacaine 8 ml h-1. Pain, scored on a 5-point scale, and sensory analgesia were assessed hourly for 16 h after skin incision. ⋯ Only three patients maintained their initial levels of sensory analgesia and a pain score of less than 2. In the remaining patients sensory analgesia decreased at least 5 segments or pain score reached 2 between 4 and 16 h after skin incision. We found a weak correlation between increasing age and the duration of sensory analgesia (r = 0.46, P less than 0.05), but no significant correlations between duration of sensory analgesia and sex, weight, height, body surface area, serum albumin concentration, duration or site of operation.