Articles: low-back-pain.
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The purposes of this study were to explore the coping strategies used by patients with chronic low back pain, to test hypothesized mediators of the relationship between self-efficacy and pain outcomes, and to determine the roles of self-efficacy and outcome expectancies in coping with pain in patients (N = 85) with chronic low back pain. The most common coping behaviors were reporting pain, using pain medications, and coping self-statements. Patients' self-efficacy to cope with pain was inversely correlated with pain intensity. ⋯ Perseverance of coping effort was found to mediate the effects of self-efficacy on pain outcomes; however, level of distress was not found to be a mediator. Outcome expectancies were positively correlated with perseverance of coping effort. These findings are discussed in terms of implications for practice and directions for future research.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Topical analgesics, indomethacin plaster and diclofenac emulgel for low back pain: a parallel study.
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Little is known about substance use and substance use disorders among primary care patients with chronic back pain. This study compared groups of patients with and without chronic back pain for the prevalence of substance use and substance use disorders. It also assessed the temporal relationship between the onset of chronic back pain and that of substance use disorders. ⋯ Chronic back pain did not connote special risk for current substance use disorders.
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The association between subjective experience in pain reduction and objective measurements in improvement of physical functioning was analyzed with chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients (n = 143) who attended a 12-week multidimensional back treatment program emphasizing active functional restoration. Low back flexion-extension, lateral flexion and rotation, isometric strength, and mobility and their changes were measured. The results showed that 79% of the subjects reported subjective decrease in LBP during the 12-week restoration program, and simultaneous increases in isometric strength and mobility also were measured in approximately 80% of the subjects. ⋯ Thus, absolute levels at the baseline or magnitude of changes in the measurements of maximum isometric strength or mobility were not associated with pain reduction. The results indicate that subjective pain reduction is significantly associated with improvement per se in trunk muscle function and spinal mobility during active functional restoration, but not with the magnitude of the improvements. This should be considered when designing rehabilitation programs and outcome criteria for rehabilitation.
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Data were obtained in a Danish cross-sectional postal survey and compared with information from four methodologically similar studies conducted in some of the Nordic countries between 1977-1985. ⋯ When data were examined from five methodologically similar studies on the 30- to 50-year-old Nordic population, there was reasonable consistency of prevalence figures. Thus, approximately 66% report having had low back pain at least sometime during their lifetime and approximately 50% sometime during the preceding year, with no significant differences relating to age or sex. The best method to investigate whether low back pain is on the increase might be through replicate studies.