Articles: human.
-
Chile is contending with the highest rates of new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cases in both Latin America and globally, despite substantial ongoing investments in treatment. This comprehensive study, derived from PUBMED and Google searches, ANID data, and various organizational reports, highlights key areas for improvement. Over the past decade, Chile's annual infection rate has risen, signaling an urgent need for detailed analysis and effective solutions. ⋯ Chile faces significant challenges in meeting the 90/90/90 targets, yet there is optimism in aiming for the 95/95/95 strategy by 2030. Achieving success requires a global commitment, an emphasis on prevention, and collaborative efforts among authorities, healthcare providers, and patients. Overcoming these identified barriers is essential for Chile to reach its ambitious goal and ultimately end the HIV epidemic.
-
Multicenter Study Observational Study
The impact of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (low) status on the efficacy of first line cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors in advanced breast cancer.
The fact that the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-low group, historically classified as HER2 negative in breast cancer histology, benefited from HER2-targeted treatments similarly to the HER2-positive group indicates that this group has a distinct histology from the HER2-0 group. The effectiveness of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors, which are the standard first-line treatment for hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer, in this newly defined histological subgroup remains a topic of debate. In our study, we examined the impact of HER2 status on the efficacy of CDK4/6 inhibitors. ⋯ Among the patients, 111 (69.4%) were categorized as HER2-0, and 49 (30.6%) as HER2-low. The 24-month progression-free survival rates were similar between HER2-0 and HER2-low patients (60.6% vs 65.3%, hormone receptor: 1.18, CI: 0.67-2.20, P = .554). We established that the mPFS achieved with cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors as a first-line therapy for patients with advanced breast cancer is unaffected by HER2 status.
-
Case Reports
Spontaneous intracranial hypotension in a patient without corpus callosum: A case report.
Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is a well-established condition typically presenting with disabling orthostatic headache. Corpus callosum agenesis (CCA) is one of the most common human brain malformations with a wide spectrum of associated malformations, chromosomal abnormalities, and clinical syndromes. ⋯ Although this co-occurrence of SIH and CCA is probably coincidental, this finding suggests that the developmental malformations of the brain may lead to structural changes in brain tissue or disturbances in cerebrospinal fluid production and reflux, resulting in pathological changes over time.
-
There are gaps in uptake of, adherence to, and persistence in the use of preexposure prophylaxis for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention among cisgender women. ⋯ No participants receiving twice-yearly lenacapavir acquired HIV infection. HIV incidence with lenacapavir was significantly lower than background HIV incidence and HIV incidence with F/TDF. (Funded by Gilead Sciences; PURPOSE 1 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04994509.).