Articles: human.
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Pol. Arch. Med. Wewn. · Nov 2024
Mpox outbreak among men who have sex with men in Kraków, Poland; June 2022-November 2022.
Mpox is a zoonotic disease caused by mpox virus. Sporadic cases reported before 2022 were almost universally linked to a direct contact with animals or travel to endemic regions of Africa. However, in 2022, a significant shift occurred in human‑to‑human transmission, leading to a global outbreak in 117 countries. In Poland, 217 cases of mpox were reported. ⋯ The 2022 mpox outbreak in Kraków primarily affected MSM and was transmitted through sexual contact. Health care professionals should be aware of emerging STIs. Educational initiatives should emphasize the importance of vaccinations, safe sexual practices, and regular testing.
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The locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic system may provide a potential new target for pharmacological insomnia treatment, particularly in patients suffering from elevated distress. The selective α2 noradrenergic agonist dexmedetomidine attenuates LC activity in sub-anesthetic doses, yet no adequate non-parental delivery systems of dexmedetomidine are currently available. To examine the feasibility of oro-mucosal dexmedetomidine administration, we developed two distinct - one sublingual and one buccal - oro-mucosal, fast-disintegrating dexmedetomidine formulas tailored for self-administration. Here we established their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) profiles. ⋯ The favorable PK-PD profile of oro-mucosal dexmedetomidine delivery warrants further dose-finding and clinical studies, to establish the exact roles of α2 receptor agonism in pharmacological sleep enhancement and as possible novel mechanism to alleviate stress-related insomnia.
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In June 2019, the U.S. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended shared clinical decision making regarding potential human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination of men and women aged 27 to 45 years ("mid-adults"). ⋯ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
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Focal nerve injuries are often associated with neuropathic pain. Preclinical research suggests altered neuroimmune signalling underlies such neuropathic pain; however, its cause remains poorly understood in humans. In this multicentre cohort study, we describe the local cellular and molecular signature of neuropathic pain at the lesion site, using Morton's neuroma as a human model system of neuropathic pain (n = 22; 18 women) compared with nerves from participants without nerve injury (n = 11; 4 women). ⋯ Targeted immunofluorescent analyses confirmed higher densities of intraneural CD163+MARCO+ macrophage subsets in Morton's neuroma. Our findings provide detailed insight into the local molecular signature in the context of human focal nerve injury. There is clear evidence for an ongoing role of the immune system in chronic peripheral neuropathic pain in humans, with macrophages and specifically the M(GC) MARCO+ subset implicated.