Articles: human.
-
Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NAD(P)H] oxidase is an important source of superoxide (O2-) in human blood vessels. A critical component of this oxidase is the p22phox protein, which is encoded by the cytochrome b-245 α (CYBA) gene. Studies have suggested a possible association between polymorphisms of the CYBA gene and susceptibility to atherosclerosis in diabetes mellitus (DM). ⋯ In non-diabetic subjects, the average carotid IMT of the TC+TT group did not differ from that of the CC group (0.81±0.08 vs. 0.84±0.069 mm, P>0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between carotid IMT and blood glucose level and duration. Our findings demonstrate that the CC genotype of the p22 phox gene is a risk factor for the progression of atherosclerosis in diabetic patients.
-
Objective. Classically, a decerebrated animal by mesencephalic lesioning is considered the paradigm for experimental study of spasticity that accompanies cerebral palsy, but, the model does not actually correspond with anatomical and pathologic realities. Therefore, a new and novel animal model is needed. Our objective was to create a more adapted animal model to be used in neuromodulation and functional electrical stimulation research. ⋯ Conclusions. This animal model presents anatomic similarities to lesions currently present in cerebral palsy and related diseases. The model also shows electrophysiologic differences that signal chronic brain damage. Therefore, this method is useful in research when spastic syndromes produced by upper motor lesions need to be modeled.
-
Rev Bras Ter Intensiva · Jun 2008
Benefits and complications of noninvasive mechanical ventilation for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is defined as a syndrome characterized by usually progressive chronic airflow limitation which is associated to a bronchial hyperresponsiveness and is partially reversible. Noninvasive mechanical ventilation is an alternative treatment for patients with COPD exacerbations. The objective of the literature reviews was to verify noninvasive mechanical ventilation benefits and complications in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients. ⋯ Noninvasive mechanical ventilation can reduce partial pressure of carbon dioxide, improve gas exchange, alleviate symptoms as dyspnea caused by fatigue of the respiratory muscles, reduce duration of hospitalization, decrease need for invasive mechanical ventilation, reduce number of complications and also lessen hospital mortality. The main complications found were: facial skin erythema, claustrophobia, nasal congestion, face pain, eye irritation, aspiration pneumonia, hypotension, pneumothorax, aerophagia, hypercapnia, gastric insufflation, vomit, bronchoaspiration, morning headaches, face injuries, air embolism and, last but not least, discomfort of the patient. Noninvasive mechanical ventilation can be more effective in patients with moderate-severe exacerbations of COPD and these complications can be minimized by an adequate interface also by the contribution of the physiotherapist experience.
-
Firings in the horizontal direction at cloth targets and at human skin from autopsy material were performed using the pistols 7.62 mm Tokarev (TT), 9 mm Makarov (PM) and 9 mm x 19 mm Glock 19 with common ammunition. On cloth targets, soot was more visible in the case of the TT up to firing distance of 50 cm and there were faint soot flecks on some synthetic cloths even at a distance of 75 cm. In the case of the PM and the Glock, the soot was seen on some synthetic cloths at a distance of 50 cm. ⋯ At a distance of 25 cm, the gunpowder particles were found in the epidermis and deeper in the dermis (TT and Glock 19), and a distance of 50 cm they were on and in the stratum corneum. Starting from a distance of 50 cm, in the case of the PM we detected many partially burnt gunpowder grains not connected with the skin surface. At a distance of 75 cm, the gunpowder particles were on the skin surface, except one or two of them found in the stratum corneum (TT and PM), and at a distance of 100 cm, the particles were only on the skin surface.
-
BMC Int Health Hum Rights · Jan 2008
Exploring synergies between human rights and public health ethics: A whole greater than the sum of its parts.
The fields of human rights and public health ethics are each concerned with promoting health and elucidating norms for action. To date, however, little has been written about the contribution that these two justificatory frameworks can make together. This article explores how a combined approach may make a more comprehensive contribution to resolving normative health issues and to advancing a normative framework for global health action than either approach made alone. We explore this synergy by first providing overviews of public health ethics and of international human rights law relevant to health and, second, by articulating complementarities between human rights and public health ethics. ⋯ Actors within the fields of public health, ethics and human rights can gain analytic tools by embracing the untapped potential for collaboration inherent in such a combined approach.