Articles: human.
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CHARACTERISTICS AND PATHOLOGY OF MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNROME: Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a disease of the blood whose etiology is unclear. There is little that can be done therapeutically, and the prognosis for patients with this disease is poor. The main hematologic finding is anemia, but MDS responds poorly to the various kinds of drugs used to treat anemia, and in the past it was called refractory anemia. ⋯ From the standpoint of chromosomal research, it is believed that MDS occurs not from a single type of stem cell damage, but from an accumulation of multiple and random stem cell damage. MDS is a prime candidate for research on the onset of human leukemia, and when we combine what we know about MDS with its development into leukemia, we can understand the development of MDS from the standpoint of apoptosis, genetic abnormalities, chromosomal abnormalities and progression of cloning. RISK FACTORS: Many risk factors for MDS have been proposed, and it has been confirmed internationally that the four major risk factors are the blast cell ratio in the bone marrow, advanced age, chromosomal abnormalities, and thrombocytopenia.
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Journal of anesthesia · Dec 1995
Inhibitory effect of prostaglandin E1 on gastric secretion during general anesthesia in humans.
The present study was undertaken to clarify the effects of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on gastric secretion during general anesthesia. Thirty-three patients, 16 with (PGE1 group) and 17 without (control group) PGE1 administration, scheduled for selective surgery were studied during general anesthesia with nitrous oxide (67%) and enflurane (1%-2% inspired). PGE1 was administered at a rate of 50-200 ng·kg(-1)·min(-1) when hypotensive medication was required. ⋯ The pH of gastric juice increased significantly, and the acidity and pepsin activity decreased after the beginning of the administration of PGE1, and these changes were observed even 1h after discontinuation. There was significant differences in the pH, acidity, and pepsin activity between the two groups after administration of PGE1. The results indicate that PGE1 inhibits gastric secretion at doses that produce a sufficient hypotensive effect under general anesthesia.
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The rationale for using essential oils to alleviate headache is based on several assumptions. Especially for peppermint oil certain analgesic mechanisms were recently described. Local application of peppermint oil generates a long-lasting cooling effect on the skin, caused by a steric alteration of the calcium channels of the cold-receptors. ⋯ A significant analgesic effect with a reduction in sensitivity to headache is however produced by the combination of peppermint oil and ethanol. The essential plant oil preparations can thus be shown by laboratory tests to exert significant effects on mechanisms associated with the pathophysiology of clinical headache syndromes. Further, to investigate the efficacy of essential oil preparations compared to usual analgesics (paracetamol or acetylsalicylicacid) a double blind, placebo controlled, randomized study should be performed.
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Int J Obstet Anesth · Oct 1995
Effect of dantrolene sodium on contractility of isolated human uterine muscle.
The administration of intravenous dantrolene in a parturient susceptible to malignant hyperthermia has been associated with post partum uterine atony. We examined the effect of dantrolene sodium for injection (Dantrium Intravenous) on spontaneous contractility of uterine smooth muscle from women in term pregnancy in an isolated preparation. Dantrolene sodium for injection at 5 microg/ml and 10 microg/ml had no effect on the spontaneous contractility of the uterine muscle preparations. ⋯ However, a similar depression in the muscle preparations treated with mannitol suggests that the depression observed with the dantrolene was likely due to the mannitol that was included in the dantrolene formulation rather than to dantrolene sodium itself. We conclude that dantrolene sodium has no effect on the spontaneous contractility of uterine smooth muscle. The depression of uterine muscle activity observed with dantrolene for injection appears attributable to the mannitol.
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Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser · Jul 1995
NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Methylphenidate Hydrochloride (CAS No. 298-59-9) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Feed Studies).
Methylphenidate hydrochloride is a drug used in the treatment of narcolepsy and attention deficit hyperactivity disorders. This drug was nominated for study by the Food and Drug Administration and the National Cancer Institute because of its widespread use in human medicine and because of lack of data on its potential carcinogenicity. Oral administration is the most common route of human exposure. ⋯ Treatment of female rats with methylphenidate hydrochloride was associated with a decrease in the incidence of mammary gland fibroadenomas. Administration of methylphenidate hydrochloride to male and female mice resulted in increased incidences of eosinophilic foci. Synonyms: a-phenyl-2-piperidineacetic acid methyl ester hydrochloride; methylphenidylacetate hydrochloride; a-phenyl-a-(2-piperidyl)acetic acid methyl ester hydrochloride; methyl a-phenyl-a-(2-piperidyl)acetate hydrochloride