Articles: general-anesthesia.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
The laryngeal mask airway and positive-pressure ventilation.
The utility of the laryngeal mask airway during positive-pressure ventilation has yet to be determined. Our study was designed to assess whether significant leaks occurred with positive-pressure ventilation and if leaks were associated with gastroesophageal insufflation. ⋯ Ventilation using the laryngeal mask appears to be adequate if airway resistance and pulmonary compliance are normal. Gastroesophageal insufflation of air will become a problem in the presence increased ventilation pressure.
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Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim · Mar 1994
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial[Premedication with clonidine in the neurosurgical patient: sedation, anesthetic requirements and hemodynamic perfusion].
To analyze the effect of premedication with clonidine on postoperative sedation, anesthetic requirements and hemodynamic repercussions in patients undergoing craniotomy due to supratentorial intracranial pathology. ⋯ Premedication of neurosurgical patients with clonidine offers no advantages over lorazepam with respect to sedation. Nevertheless, clonidine may offer advantages with respect to the amount of alfentanyl required and attenuation of perioperative adrenergic response.
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Comparative Study
Mortality after spinal and general anaesthesia for surgical fixation of hip fractures.
One thousand, three hundred and thirty three patients who underwent anaesthesia for surgical fixation of a hip fracture were studied prospectively to assess the effects on outcome of general and spinal anaesthesia. There were no significant differences between the groups in risk factors, length of hospital stay or mortality rates after 30 days or one year. The data presented may be useful for those wishing to audit anaesthetic services provided to patients with hip fracture.
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Case Reports
Anaesthetic management of a neonate with prenatally diagnosed cervical tumour and upper airway obstruction.
We report the anaesthetic management of a mother, and airway management of a neonate with a prenatal diagnosis of cervical cystic hygroma causing upper airway obstruction. The mortality of such neonates due to upper airway obstruction is reported to exceed 20% following deliveries. Elective Caesarean section was performed under general anaesthesia, and in utero tracheal intubation of the neonate was accomplished under uninterrupted maternal-fetal circulation. ⋯ We believe that it is important that a multidisciplinary approach be initiated for planning of airway management of the neonate soon after the diagnosis is made. Laryngoscopy blades larger than normal for neonates, and a portable Doppler to monitor the viability of the neonate were found to be useful in the management of the neonate during in utero tracheal intubation. Although estimated blood loss was not increased, nor did uterine atony occur postoperatively despite the use of ritodrine during Caesarean section, the efficacy and safety of ritodrine to delay placental detachment have not been proved.
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Case Reports
[Cardiac arrests probably induced by hypermagnesemia during anesthesia for caesarean section].
A 24-year-old pregnant woman was scheduled for Caesarean section during the 31st week of pregnancy. The patient had been treated with MgSO4 for premature labor and toxemia. During anesthesia, cardiac arrest occurred twice. ⋯ The second one occurred immediately after administration of methyl-ergometrine malate and seemed to be due to combined effects of hypermagnesemia and methyl-ergometrine malate. The patient and three babies did not develop any complication. In giving anesthesia for patients with hypermagnesemia, anesthetists should take account of interactions between magnesium, anesthetics and other drugs.