Articles: general-anesthesia.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
[Plasma cortisol in experimental anesthesia with halothane, enflurane, isoflurane and nitrous oxide].
The influence of anesthesia on plasma cortisol has most often been studied in connection with routine operations. To investigate the specific effects of modern inhalation anesthetics more accurately, we examined the specific effects of four inhalation anesthetics on human plasma cortisol during volunteer studies on the influence of anesthetics on the electroencephalogramm. METHODS. ⋯ Blood samples were taken 5 min prior to induction (I), after the attainment of steady-state MAC 1.0 (II), 35 min later at MAC 0.5 (III), 40 min later at MAC 1.0 with volatile anesthetic/N2O (IV), and 15 (V) and 35 (VI) min after the end of anesthesia. RESULTS. MAC 0.5 N2O produced a marked rise in mean plasma cortisol, from 64.2 micrograms/l to 164.5 micrograms/l.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Anterior fontanelle pressure responses to tracheal intubation in the awake and anaesthetized infant.
In order to define the changes in intracranial pressure which occur during tracheal intubation in young infants, a Ladd transducer was used to monitor anterior fontanelle pressure (AFP) non-invasively in awake (group 1, n = 14) and anaesthetized (group 2, n = 10) infants during intubation of the trachea. Heart rate and systolic arterial pressure were also recorded. In quiet, undisturbed infants, AFP (mean +/- SEM) was similar in groups 1 (9.6 +/- 0.5 mm Hg) and 2 (8.7 +/- 0.8 mm Hg); with crying, AFP increased significantly in both groups. ⋯ Neither heart rate nor systolic arterial pressure changed significantly in either group during laryngoscopy--when compared with measurements in the quiet state. It was concluded that AFP increases significantly during intubation and during crying in the infant. The response to intubation is only partially attenuated by the prior administration of general anaesthesia.