Articles: general-anesthesia.
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Rev Electroencephalogr Neurophysiol Clin · Jan 1977
[Monitoring the integrity of saccadic eye movements as a test of post-anaesthetic recovery (author's transl)].
After reviewing various tests of consciousness which can be used during the post-anaesthetic period, the authors chose to analyse the involvement of the visual receptor during different stages between sleep and complete recovery of consciousness, by an electro-oculographic (EOG) method, providing recordings of the displacement of the optical axis. In states of full consciousness the eye explores a static flat surface in saccades separated by pauses. ⋯ In a second group, the state of consciousness was monitored 2 hours after the last injection of the anaesthetic drug, so that correlations could be considered with the type of anaesthesia used. Th conclusion concerns the practical interest of the method (short term hospitalisation after general anaesthetic, medico-legal use due to the existence of a recording) and its basic use in the experimental study of new drugs in man.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand Suppl · Jan 1977
Clinical TrialClinical evaluation of high-frequency positive-pressure ventilation (HFPPV) in laryngoscoy under general anaesthesia.
A technique for automatic ventilation during laryngoscopy under general anaesthesia was evaluated in a lung model and in 5 patients (3--57 y) submitted for routine laryngoscopy. this technique has been given the name laryngoscopic HFPPV and utilizes an insufflation frequency (f) of 60 per min and a relative insufflation time (t%) of 22%. Ventilation is given via a nasotracheal insufflation catheter. Laryngoscopic HFPPV permits laryngeal surgery with a virtually unobstructed surgical field under complete muscular relaxation. ⋯ A simple ventilation nomogram for clinical use is proposed. Adequately used, this nomogram guarantees safe ventilation during laryngoscopic HFPPV. An Fio2 of 0.3--0.4 gives adequate arterial oxygenation.
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Comparative Study
Althesin (alphadione, CT 1341) a 'new' induction agent for anesthesia.
Althesin (alphadione) is a hypnotic agent introduced in the U. K. a few years ago by the firm of Glaxo. It is mixture of two steroids: alphaxalone 9 mg per ml and alphadolone 3 mg per ml, in solution in cremophore EL. ⋯ In 8 patients the following parameters were recorded: plethysmogram, ECG, central venous pressure, pulse rhythm arterial pressure, stroke volume and cardiac output. Compared with thiopentone, Althesin is not significantly worse, but neither does it present any advantages where the circulatory parameters determined are concerned. In view of this and the recent publication concerning hypersensitivity reactions, we have ceased to use this hypnotic agent in our department.
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Anaphylactic reactions to drugs used in general anesthesia have a complex mechanism: true anaphylaxis by antigen antibody reaction (IgG our IgE) histamine liberation by certain substances with a special chemical structure, activation of the alternative route of complement. The authors recall the immunological stages in each case and give examples.