Articles: pain-management-methods.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
A double-blind randomised controlled trial of 25% oral glucose for pain relief in 2-month old infants undergoing immunisation.
Infant immunisation is the most commonly performed health procedure in developed countries. Associated pain may be harmful because we do not know what painful experiences the infant has already had and whether it might contribute to a cumulative pain experience. Healthy infants undergo immunisation with minimal pain relief. However, immunisation pain can be managed using oral sweet solutions. ⋯ A 2 mL oral dose of 25% glucose given immediately before an immunisation procedure reduces pain in 2-month old infants.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Mar 2012
ReviewPerioperative management of the child on long-term opioids.
The strategies used to manage children exposed to long-term opioids are extrapolated from adult literature. Opioid consumption during the perioperative period is more than three times that observed in patients not taking chronic opioids. A sparing use of opioids in the perioperative period results in both poor pain management and withdrawal phenomena. ⋯ While chronic pain or palliative care teams and other staff experienced with the care of children suffering chronic pain may have helpful input, many pediatric hospitals do not have chronic pain teams, and many patients receiving long-term opioids are not palliative. Acute pain services are appropriate to deal with those on long-term opioids in the perioperative setting and do so successfully in many centers. Staff caring for such children in the perioperative period should be aware of the challenges these children face and be educated before surgery about strategies for postoperative management and discharge planning.
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This paper reports a quantitative systematic review of the effects of educational interventions on quality of life, pain intensity and pain interference in cancer patients. ⋯ Pain and quality of life are complex matters, and quality of life might not be a sensitive indicator of the effectiveness of pain education. To improve quality of life and reduce the severity of pain in cancer patients, individualized care, recognition of variations in patient experience, and a multi-disciplinary approach are required. Further research is recommended into patients' preferences of any educational intervention, and into the quality of existing education programmes and the expertise of the healthcare professionals concerned.
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We examined mindfulness in people with chronic low back pain who were attending a multidisciplinary pain management programme. Participants completed questionnaires at baseline (n=116) and after a 3-month cognitive-behaviourally informed multidisciplinary intervention (n=87). ⋯ Mediator analyses suggested that the relationship between mindfulness and disability was mediated by catastrophizing. It is possible that cognitive-behavioural interventions and processes can affect both catastrophizing and mindfulness.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
A comparison of the hypoalgesic effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and non-invasive interactive neurostimulation (InterX(®)) on experimentally induced blunt pressure pain using healthy human volunteers.
Non-invasive interactive neurostimulation (InterX(®)) delivers high amplitude electrical pulsed currents at points of low impedance on the skin. This study compared the hypoalgesic effect of non-invasive interactive neurostimulation with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). ⋯ Given the limited power of this study, we show that there were no significant differences in hypoalgesia between non-invasive interactive neurostimulation and TENS. Unlike our previous studies we also failed to detect a change pain threshold during TENS. Nevertheless, our findings can be used to inform the design of an appropriately powered study on pain patients.