Articles: chronic-pain.
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Arch Phys Med Rehabil · Dec 2011
ReviewThe effect of neuroscience education on pain, disability, anxiety, and stress in chronic musculoskeletal pain.
To evaluate the evidence for the effectiveness of neuroscience education (NE) for pain, disability, anxiety, and stress in chronic musculoskeletal (MSK) pain. ⋯ For chronic MSK pain disorders, there is compelling evidence that an educational strategy addressing neurophysiology and neurobiology of pain can have a positive effect on pain, disability, catastrophization, and physical performance.
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Osteoarthritis (OA), low back pain (LBP), and fibromyalgia (FM) are common chronic pain disorders that occur frequently in the general population. They are a significant cause of dysfunction and disability. Why some of these chronic pain disorders remain localized to few body areas (OA and LBP), whereas others become widespread (FM) is unclear at this time. ⋯ Tonic and/or intense afferent nociceptive barrage can result in central sensitization that depends on facilitatory input from brainstem centers via descending pain pathways to the spinal cord. Abnormal endogenous control of these descending pathways can lead to excessive excitability of dorsal horn neurons of the spinal cord and pain. Ineffective endogenous pain control and central sensitization are important features of OA, LBP, and FM patients.
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Chronic and recurrent pain not associated with a disease is very common in childhood and adolescence, but studies of pain prevalence have yielded inconsistent findings. This systematic review examined studies of chronic and recurrent pain prevalence to provide updated aggregated prevalence rates. The review also examined correlates of chronic and recurrent pain such as age, sex, and psychosocial functioning. ⋯ Pain prevalence rates were generally higher in girls and increased with age for most pain types. Lower socioeconomic status was associated with higher pain prevalence especially for headache. Most studies did not meet quality criteria.
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The Internet is rapidly becoming a part of the pain practitioner's arsenal for bringing relief to patients. Along with the promise come a number of caveats for selecting the most appropriate technologies for a given practice. This article provides an overview of why the Internet holds potential for filling a gap in pain practice, reviews some of the fastest emerging uses of the Internet for pain, and identifies both merits and limitations the practitioner should consider when contemplating adopting an Internet technology for his or her practice.
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The article will summarize research that has supported the role of pain catastrophizing and perceived injustice as risk factors for problematic recovery after whiplash injury. ⋯ A challenge for future research will be the development and evaluation of risk factor-targeted interventions aimed at reducing catastrophizing and perceived injustice to improve recovery trajectories after whiplash injury.