Articles: pain-measurement.
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J Manipulative Physiol Ther · Jan 1993
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialThe Hmax/Mmax ratio as an outcome measure for acute low back pain.
To evaluate the use of the Hmax/Mmax (H/M) ratio as an outcome measure for acute low back pain and to determine the change of this ratio in acute low back pain patients treated with spinal manipulation. ⋯ The H/M ratio was found to be within normal limits in subjects with acute low back pain. The H/M ratio showed greater change in the group which received spinal manipulation, but the change was subtle. The results indicate that the H/M ratio may be of limited value in clinical practice.
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Individual-differences multidimensional scaling (INDSCAL) determined the dimensions underlying ratings of electrocutaneous stimuli, which ranged from innocuous levels to individual pain intolerance at each of three frequencies. Twenty-five healthy males made pairwise similarity judgments of these 15 stimuli for the INDSCAL procedure, and then rated each stimulus on nine property scales. Signal detection theory indices, as well as ratings on the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), were also obtained. ⋯ A Frequency dimension ordered the stimuli from lowest to highest frequency; this dimension was related to the Fast-Slow property. Compared to the Frequency dimension, the Sensory Magnitude dimension was more salient to subjects who better discriminated among painful stimulus intensities, set a more stoical pain report criterion, and were less apt to endorse frequency-related MPQ descriptors. Thus, variation of physical intensity and frequency elicited complementary dimensions of subjective judgment, which were related to perceptual and attitudinal differences among individuals.
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The location, intensity, and quality of pediatric postoperative pain were assessed in a convenience sample of 65 multiethnic children and adolescents, 8 to 17 years old. Pain was measured daily for 5 days during hospitalization using the Adolescent Pediatric Pain Tool (APPT). Mean pain intensity scores and mean number of pain descriptors (quality) decreased over time, but there was no significant change over time for the number of body segments marked (location). The findings provided valid and reliable estimates of adolescents' and children's self-reports of the location, intensity, and quality of postoperative pain.
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J Manipulative Physiol Ther · Jan 1993
Comparative StudyThe relationship between the St. Thomas and Oswestry disability scores and the severity of low back pain.
To investigate the relationship between the two disability questionnaires and low back pain severity using the visual analog scale (VAS). ⋯ The consequence of pain (disability) appears to have a weak relationship to pain severity. Despite the moderate correlation between the two disability questionnaires, it is suggested that they are not interchangeable.
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This paper reports the development and validation of the Pain Beliefs Questionnaire (PBQ). This is a 20-item questionnaire covering beliefs about the cause and treatment of pain. It was administered to 294 subjects, comprising 100 chronic pain patients and 194 controls. ⋯ Secondly, as predicted significant associations were observed between scores on the Organic Beliefs scale and scores on the Chance and Powerful Others scales of the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC), and also between the Psychological Beliefs and Internal scales of the MHLC. No relationship, however, emerged between these scales and measures of pain intensity. The implications of these findings for the assessment and management of chronic pain patients, and in the understanding of the development of chronic pain, are discussed.