Articles: pain-measurement.
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Effective assessment and management of pain in patients with cancer is strengthened by the patient's report of how much pain interferes with daily functioning. This requires a clear delineation of different levels of pain interference. We derived optimal cutpoints for differentiating between mild, moderate, and severe pain interference assessed by the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) and describe the prevalence and characteristics of pain-induced functional impairment in patients with cancer. ⋯ The mild (<2), moderate (2-5 or 2-6), and severe (>5 or >6) pain interference groups were significantly concordant with ECOG-PS levels (P < 0.0001). We empirically derived patient-reported pain interference categories in relation to clinician-rated performance status. These cutpoints may facilitate the conduct and interpretation of clinical evaluation, symptom epidemiology, and clinical trials.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Safety and efficacy of erenumab for preventive treatment of chronic migraine: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial.
The calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) pathway is important in migraine pathophysiology. We assessed the efficacy and safety of erenumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody against the CGRP receptor, in patients with chronic migraine. ⋯ Amgen.
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Available modalities for the longitudinal capture and analysis of pain intensity in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) limit our ability to study intraindividual and interindividual variation in pain and the factors influencing the transition from acute to chronic pain in patients with SCD. ⋯ The longitudinal collection of pain data with the inclusion of hospital data during periods of hospitalization is feasible and acceptable in patients with SCD over periods of 30 to 60 days. Long-term collection of pain diary data, while informative, is associated with higher rates of missing data. Novel metrics of pain have the potential to better describe intraindividual and interindividual variation in pain, inform studies of the transition from acute to chronic pain as well as contribute patient-reported end points of pain for interventional clinical trials of pain in SCD.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
The effect of the application of manual pressure before the administration of intramuscular injections on students' perceptions of postinjection pain: a semi-experimental study.
To evaluate the efficacy of applying manual pressure before intramuscular injection and compare it with the standard injection technique in terms of reducing the young adult student's postinjection pain. ⋯ Applying pressure to the injection area is a simple and cost-effective method to reduce the pain associated with injection.
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A primary goal in managing pain is to reduce pain and increase physical function (PF). This goal is also tied to continuing payment for treatment services in many practice guidelines. Pain interference (PI) is often used as a proxy for measurement and reporting of PF in these guidelines. ⋯ A parallel process latent growth curve model analysis showed a weak, unidirectional relationship (β = 0.18) between average PF scores and changes in PI over the course of 90 days of care, and no relationship between average PI scores and changes in PF across time. Although PI and PF seem moderately related when measured concurrently, they do not cluster closely together across time. The differential pathways between these 2 domains suggest that therapies that target both the consequences of pain on relevant aspects of persons' lives, and capability to perform physical activities are likely required for restoration of a vital life.