Articles: neuralgia.
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The rate of chronic migraine (CM) has been shown to be 20% or greater in the post 9/11 combat veteran population with a history of traumatic brain injury, while the rate is much lower at 3-5% in the general population. Studies have shown that medications such as oral topiramate or intramuscular injections of onabotulinum toxin A (Botox) have been used for CM prevention, and occipital blocks have been shown to be helpful in treating occipital neuralgia and short-term relief of CM. However, there are no known studies that have specifically evaluated the use of Botox and occipital blocks for reducing headache frequency in the US veteran population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using occipital blocks and Botox as dual therapy for reducing headache frequency in post 9/11 combat veterans with CM, occipital neuralgia, and a history of TBI or neck trauma. ⋯ This study evaluated the effectiveness of using occipital blocks and Botox as dual therapy for reducing headache frequency for post 9/11 combat veterans with CM, occipital neuralgia, and a history of TBI or neck trauma. Results revealed a statistically significant reduction in the number of headache days per month after the dual therapy. There were multiple limitations to the study to include a small sample size, lack of a control group, self-reported headaches for only 1 month pre-and post-treatment, and no control for other interventions or events which may have influenced the outcome. There is a strong need for randomized, double blinded, placebo- controlled studies involving dual therapy in this population. This study, though small, may be helpful in stimulating additional studies and treatments in this veteran population.
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Experimental neurology · Jul 2019
Upregulation of interleukin-6 on Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels in dorsal root ganglion neurons contributes to neuropathic pain in rats with spinal nerve ligation.
The T-type calcium channels Cav3.2, one of the low voltage-activated (LVA) calcium channels, have been found to play important roles in the neuronal excitability. Recently, we and others have demonstrated that accumulation of Cav3.2 channels in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and sensory nerves contributes to neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury. In the present study, we aimed to further investigate the regulation of Cav3.2 channels by interleukin-6 (IL-6) in DRG neurons in neuropathic pain rats after spinal nerve ligation (SNL). ⋯ Furthermore, inhibition of IL-6 trans-signaling reduced the upregulation of Cav3.2 T-type channel induced by FIL-6 (a fusion protein of IL-6 and sIL-6R) in primary cultured DRG neurons in vitro. In vivo, inhibition of IL-6 trans-signaling reversed the upregulation of Cav3.2, reduced the hyperexcitability of L5 DRG neurons and alleviated mechanical allodynia in SNL rats. Our results suggest that IL-6 upregulates Cav3.2 T-type channels expression and function through the IL-6/sIL-6R trans-signaling pathway in DRG neurons, thus contributes to the development of neuropathic pain in SNL rats.
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To improve patient care and help clinical research, the Neuropathic Pain Special Interest Group of the Italian Neurological Society appointed a task force to elaborate a consensus statement on pharmacoresistant neuropathic pain. The task force included 19 experts in neuropathic pain. ⋯ In the face-to-face meeting the participants discussed the clinical features determining pharmacoresistance. They finally agreed that neuropathic pain is pharmacoresistant when "the patient does not reach the 50% reduction of pain or an improvement of at least 2 points in the Patient Global Impression of Change, having used all drug classes indicated as first, second, or third line in the most recent and widely agreed international guidelines, for at least 1 month after titration to the highest tolerable dose." Our consensus statement might be useful for identifying eligible patients for invasive treatments, and selecting patients in pharmacological trials, thus improving patient care and helping clinical research.
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In our recent clinical trial, increased peripheral concentrations of pro-inflammatory molecular mediators were determined in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) patients. After 3 months adjunctive unilateral, selective L4 dorsal root ganglion stimulation (L4-DRGSTIM), significantly decreased serum IL-10 and increased saliva oxytocin levels were assessed along with an improved pain and functional state. The current study extended molecular profiling towards gene expression analysis of genes known to be involved in the gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor and neuroinflammatory (cytokines/chemokines) signaling pathways. ⋯ In our sub-group analysis of L4-DRGSTIM treated CRPS patients, we found either upregulated or downregulated genes involved in immunoinflammatory circuits relevant for the pathophysiology of CRPS indicating a possible relation. However, large biobank-based approaches are recommended to establish genetic phenotyping as a quantitative outcome measure in CRPS patients. Trial registration The study protocol was registered at the 15.11.2016 on German Register for Clinical Trials (DRKS ID 00011267). https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00011267.
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Neuropathic orofacial pain conditions represent a challenge to diagnose and treat. Natural substances are promising therapeutic options for the control of pain.