Articles: neuralgia.
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CD137L (4-1BBL) is a costimulatory molecule whose signaling can promote monocyte/macrophage functions; however, CD137L-mediated microglial response and its role in neuropathic pain remain unknown. We investigated CD137L following peripheral nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain using a spinal nerve L5 transection (L5Tx) murine model in both sexes. First, C57BL/6_CD137L knock-out (KO) mice displayed decreased mechanical and diminished heat hypersensitivity compared to wild-type (WT) controls, beginning on day 3 to up to day 35 post-L5Tx. ⋯ Following L5Tx, female CD137L KO mice did not show increased iNOS mRNA and had reduced numbers of IL-1β+ cells compared to WT. At 21 d post-surgery, CD137L KO mice had higher total numbers of arginase (Arg)-1+ cells and Arg-1+ microglia. Altogether, results indicate that spinal cord CD137L contributes to the development of peripheral nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain, which may be in part mediated through CD137L's modulation of the pro- and anti-inflammatory balance within the spinal cord.
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Molecular neurobiology · Sep 2018
Rosmarinic Acid Mitigates Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Spinal Glial Activation in Oxaliplatin-induced Peripheral Neuropathy.
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a dose-limiting complication which develops as a consequence of treatment with chemotherapeutic agents like oxaliplatin and is a mainstay of therapy for colorectal cancer. Ever since CIPN was identified, understanding its exact pathomechanisms remains a clinical challenge. The role of mitochondrial dysfunction and glial cell activation has surfaced in the etiology of CIPN. ⋯ In vitro screening also revealed that RA did not compromise the anti-cancer activity of oxaliplatin in colon cancer cells (HT-29). Taken together, the above results demonstrate the therapeutic activity of RA against the oxaliplatin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation and thus, suggest its potential for the management of OIPN. Graphical Abstract Schematic representation of neuroprotective mechanisms of rosmarinic acid via AMPK activation in oxaliplatin-evoked peripheral neuropathy.
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Neuralgias are characterized by pain in the distribution of a cranial or cervical nerve. Typically, they are brief, paroxysmal, painful attacks, although continuous neuropathic pain may occur. The most commonly encountered conditions are trigeminal, postherpetic, and occipital neuralgia. Less common neuralgias include glossopharyngeal, superior laryngeal, auriculotemporal, and nervus intermedius neuralgia, among others. The approach to diagnosis and treatment of this group of disorders is reviewed. ⋯ Recent guidelines of medication administration, the use of botulinum toxin, and more targeted procedures have improved treatment of neuralgias. Patients who present with neuralgias should have imaging studies to investigate for structural abnormalities unless the etiology is apparent. Management of both common and rare neuralgias can be challenging and is best guided by the most recent available evidence.