Articles: nerve-block.
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Regional anesthesia · Nov 1996
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialLidocaine-clonidine retrobulbar block for cataract surgery in the elderly.
Clonidine, an alpha-2-adrenoreceptor agonist, has been shown to decrease intraocular pressure (IOP) and to have some analgesic and sedative effects when it is used in premedication for ophthalmic surgery. This study was designed to investigate the efficacy of lidocaine-clonidine retrobulbar block for cataract surgery with respect to its effect on IOP, analgesic action, and sedative effects. ⋯ Addition of clonidine to lidocaine for retrobulbar block causes a decrease in intraocular pressure, a sedative effect, and an increased duration of analgesia and akinesia, with relatively stable hemodynamic parameters.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Nov 1996
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialA minimum dose of clonidine added to mepivacaine prolongs the duration of anesthesia and analgesia after axillary brachial plexus block.
This study assessed the minimum dose of clonidine required to prolong the duration of both anesthesia and analgesia after axillary brachial plexus blockade. Eighty patients scheduled for elective hand surgery were divided into eight groups in a randomized, double-blind fashion. An axillary brachial plexus block was performed with 40 mL 1% mepivacaine plus 1:200,000 epinephrine. ⋯ The minimum dose of clonidine required to significantly prolong the duration of analgesia and anesthesia was, respectively, 0.1 and 0.5 microgram/kg. No side effects (sedation, drowsiness, bradycardia, arterial hypotension) were reported. We conclude that the dose of clonidine required to prolong significantly the duration of both anesthesia and analgesia after axillary brachial plexus blockade is 0.5 microgram/kg and that, at this dose, clonidine may be used without important reported side effects even in outpatients.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Lidocaine plasma levels following two techniques of obturator nerve block.
To assess plasma levels and the potential toxicity of lidocaine following two different approaches to the obtruator nerve. ⋯ Despite a lower total dose of lidocaine administered (450 mg), higher mean and peak plasma levels were reached sooner with bilateral direct obturator nerve block compared with the indirect obturator nerve block (600 mg), indicating a faster blood absorption of lidocaine following direct block. Both types of obturator nerve block prevented adductor muscle contraction in a large percentage of cases.
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Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim · Nov 1996
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial[Efficacy of the ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric block in the treatment of the postoperative pain of inguinal herniorrhaphy].
The ileoinguinal-ileohypogastric block (IHB) improves pain control in inguinal hernioplasty. ⋯ IHB decreases pain, delaying the need for a first dose of analgesic and improving patient comfort. Its use is therefore recommended for relief of postoperative pain.