Articles: nerve-block.
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Regional anesthesia · Jul 1996
Antinociceptive and motor-blocking efficacy of ropivacaine and bupivacaine after epidural administration in the dog.
This study was initiated to evaluate the antinociceptive and motor blocking capabilities of epidurally administered 0.5% and 0.75% ropivacaine and bupivacaine using a blinded, random crossover design in the dog. Additionally, serum drug concentrations and serum protein binding were determined. ⋯ The 0.5% solutions produced similar sensory block of the vertebral dermatomes. Duration of dermatomal block with 0.75% bupivacaine was longer than with the corresponding ropivacaine concentration. Ropivacaine produced motor block of shorter duration as compared with bupivacaine. Serum concentrations of the two drugs were similar after injection of the same doses. In this animal model, ropivacaine produced shorter durations of sensory and motor block than corresponding concentrations of bupivacaine. These data are consistent with previously published data in animals and humans.
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Regional anesthesia · Jul 1996
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialFemoral nerve block. Single injection versus continuous infusion for total knee arthroplasty.
This study was conducted to ascertain whether there is any advantage to the continuous-infusion femoral 3-in-1 nerve block over the single-injection femoral nerve block for postoperative analgesia after total knee arthroplasty. ⋯ We were unable to confirm improvements in analgesia provided by continuous-infusion femoral 3-in-1 nerve block for total knee arthroplasty except in the recovery room.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Efficacy of ketorolac tromethamine and extrapleural intercostal nerve block on post-thoracotomy pain. A prospective, randomized study.
Post-thoracotomy pain causes severe impairment of the respiratory function. Epidural analgesia is effective in the treatment of post-thoracotomy pain but may give rise to significant side-effects. Other low-risk and cost-effective analgesic treatments are therefore required. ⋯ Ketorolac tromethamine was effective in the treatment of post-thoracotomy pain. Extrapleural intercostal nerve block allowed a significant reduction in the consumption of opioids. These analgesic techniques could be useful as low-risk, cost-effective and reproducible treatments when more effective techniques, such as epidural analgesia, are contraindicated.
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Eighty-six patients were evaluated prospectively following the placement of a sciatic nerve block in the popliteal fossa after a major foot or ankle operation. Needle placement was guided by a peripheral nerve stimulator and 30 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine with epinephrine was used. Ninety-seven percent of patients had a successful block. ⋯ During the first 24 hours after surgery, patients took an average of three hydrocodone tablets. Twenty-two of the 23 patients who had had previous major foot or ankle surgery found that the block was better than their previous pain control regimen. No patient had complications related to the block and 95% were satisfied and would have the block again.