Articles: hyperalgesia.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Self-reported Recovery is Associated with Improvement in Localised Hyperalgesia Among Adolescent Females with Patellofemoral Pain - Results from a Cluster Randomised Trial.
Adolescent females with patellofemoral pain (PFP) have localized (around the knee) and distal (tibialis anterior muscle) hyperalgesia assessed by decreased pressure pain thresholds (PPT). This may have implications for treating PFP as both localized and central pain mechanisms may contribute to the manifestations of pain. The objective of this study was to compare the change in localized and distal hyperalgesia among female adolescents with PFP deeming themselves recovered compared with those not recovered 3 months after patient education with or without exercise therapy. ⋯ Female adolescents with PFP who rated themselves as recovered had a larger reduction in localized hyperalgesia compared with those not recovered.
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Chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain is difficult to treat. Pentoxifylline inhibits the production of inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor α(TNF- α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β). ⋯ Pentoxifylline alleviated chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain in rats by reducing the levels of inflammatory cytokines in dorsal root ganglia and may be effective chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain in patients.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · May 2016
Electroacupuncture Enhances the Antiallodynic and Antihyperalgesic Effects of Milnacipran in Neuropathic Rats.
Milnacipran, a selective serotonin/norepinephrine-reuptake inhibitor, has been shown to elicit a beneficial effect in various models of neuropathic pain. Previously, we reported that repetitive electroacupuncture (EA) significantly ameliorates neuropathic pain induced by L5 spinal nerve ligation (SNL). In the present study, we sought to determine whether a single treatment with EA produces analgesia and whether EA in combination with a subeffective dosage of milnacipran exhibits an additive effect in SNL rats. ⋯ The study shows that, in male rats with SNL, spinal administration of milnacipran effectively alleviates mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, and that a single treatment of EA has an antihyperalgesic effect. Furthermore, our findings suggest that coapplication of EA and milnacipran enhanced antiallodynia and antihyperalgesia by activating spinal noradrenergic systems coupled with spinal α2-adrenoceptors and prolongs the duration of analgesia.
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J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil · Apr 2016
Pressure pain thresholds in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain.
The lumbar back and hip muscles are important for a normal functioning of the human spine and they are considered to be of etiological significance in chronic nonspecific low back pain (nCLBP). Inactivity and a lower level of physical activity in patients with nCLBP may change muscle characteristics and may be associated with pain and disability. Pressure algometry has been found to be non-invasive, efficient and reliable in the exploration of physio-pathological mechanisms involved in muscle pain syndromes. The subjective characteristic of the pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) cannot be avoided once it is the very objective of the measurement, i.e. the minimum pain perceptible by the person, is a subjective factor. Most studies have revealed gender differences between PPTs, with females showing lower thresholds. ⋯ This study showed that most PPT values are correlated to the VAS and the RM. Nevertheless, the variability explained by PPT values and demographic characteristics was low for pain intensity and function.
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E-52862 is a selective σ1R antagonist currently undergoing phase II clinical trials for neuropathic pain and represents a potential first-in-class analgesic. Here, we investigated the effect of single and repeated administration of E-52862 on different pain-related behaviours in several neuropathic pain models in rats: mechanical allodynia in cephalic (trigeminal) neuropathic pain following chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve (IoN), mechanical hyperalgesia in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic polyneuropathy, and cold allodynia in oxaliplatin (OX)-induced polyneuropathy. Mechanical hypersensitivity induced after IoN surgery or STZ administration was reduced by acute treatment with E-52862 and morphine, but not by pregabalin. ⋯ Interestingly, repeated E-52862 administration twice daily over 7 days did not induce pharmacodynamic tolerance but an increased antinociceptive effect in all three models. Additionally, as shown in the STZ and OX models, repeated daily treatment with E-52862 attenuated baseline pain behaviours, which supports a sustained modifying effect on underlying pain-generating mechanisms. These preclinical findings support a role for σ1R in neuropathic pain and extend the potential for the use of selective σ1R antagonists (e.g., E-52862) to the chronic treatment of cephalic and extra-cephalic neuropathic pain.