Articles: hyperalgesia.
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Cancer chemotherapy with platinum-based antineoplastic agents including oxaliplatin frequently results in a debilitating and painful peripheral neuropathy. We evaluated the antinociceptive effects of the alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist, clonidine on oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain. Specifically, we determined if (i) the intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of clonidine reduces mechanical allodynia in mice with an oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy and (ii) concurrent inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity by the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 enhances clonidine's antiallodynic effect. ⋯ Coadministration of SB203580 and 0.03 mg kg(-1) clonidine decreased allodynia similar to that of 0.10 mg kg(-1) clonidine, but without significant motor or vascular effects. These findings demonstrate that clonidine treatment reduces oxaliplatin-induced mechanical allodynia. The concurrent administration of SB203580 reduces the dosage requirements for clonidine, thereby alleviating allodynia without producing undesirable motor or cardiovascular effects.
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Chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain is difficult to treat. Pentoxifylline inhibits the production of inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor α(TNF- α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β). ⋯ Pentoxifylline alleviated chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain in rats by reducing the levels of inflammatory cytokines in dorsal root ganglia and may be effective chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain in patients.
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Systemic administration of oxaliplatin has no effect on the tumors in the central nervous system (CNS) due to the limited concentration of oxaliplatin in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), while it was clinically reported that oxaliplatin can induce acute encephalopathy. Currently, the impairment of neuronal functions in the CNS after systemic administration of oxaliplatin remains uninvestigated. ⋯ The findings of this study suggested that oxaliplatin in CSF may directly impair the normal function of central neurons and contribute to the rapid development of CNS-related side effects during chemotherapy. This provides novel targets to prevent oxaliplatin-induced acute painful neuropathy and encephalopathy.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Self-reported Recovery is Associated with Improvement in Localised Hyperalgesia Among Adolescent Females with Patellofemoral Pain - Results from a Cluster Randomised Trial.
Adolescent females with patellofemoral pain (PFP) have localized (around the knee) and distal (tibialis anterior muscle) hyperalgesia assessed by decreased pressure pain thresholds (PPT). This may have implications for treating PFP as both localized and central pain mechanisms may contribute to the manifestations of pain. The objective of this study was to compare the change in localized and distal hyperalgesia among female adolescents with PFP deeming themselves recovered compared with those not recovered 3 months after patient education with or without exercise therapy. ⋯ Female adolescents with PFP who rated themselves as recovered had a larger reduction in localized hyperalgesia compared with those not recovered.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · May 2016
The Effects of the Toll-Like Receptor 4 Antagonist, Ibudilast, on Sevoflurane's Minimum Alveolar Concentration and the Delayed Remifentanil-Induced Increase in the Minimum Alveolar Concentration in Rats.
Ultralow doses of naloxone, an opioid and toll-like receptor 4 antagonist, blocked remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia and the associated increase in the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC), but not tolerance. The aim was to determine the effects of the toll-like receptor 4 antagonist, ibudilast, on the MAC in the rat and how it might prevent the effects of remifentanil. ⋯ Ibudilast, besides reducing the MAC, prevented the delayed increase in baseline MAC produced by remifentanil but not the increase in MAC caused by tolerance to remifentanil.