Articles: hyperalgesia.
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The antidepressant amitriptyline, the inhibitor of microglia activation minocycline, and the neurokinin-1 antagonist maropitant have all been used to prevent or treat hyperalgesia and opioid tolerance. ⋯ Amitriptyline, minocycline and maropitant reduced the minimum alveolar concentration and potentiated the remifentanil minimum alveolar concentration reduction but failed to block opioid-induced hyperalgesia and acute opioid tolerance.
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Chronic pain is a major characteristic feature of sickle cell disease (SCD). The refractory nature of pain and the development of chronic pain syndromes in many patients with SCD suggest that central neural mechanisms contribute to pain in this disease. We used HbSS-BERK sickle mice, which show chronic features of pain similar to those observed in SCD, and determined whether sensitization of nociceptive neurons in the spinal cord contributes to pain and hyperalgesia in SCD. ⋯ Compared with control HbAA-BERK mice, nociceptive dorsal horn neurons in sickle mice exhibited enhanced excitability as evidenced by enlarged receptive fields, increased rate of spontaneous activity, lower mechanical thresholds, enhanced responses to mechanical stimuli, and prolonged afterdischarges following mechanical stimulation. These changes were accompanied by increased phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in the spinal cord that are known to contribute to neuronal hyperexcitability, including c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p44/p42 extracellular signaling-regulated kinase (ERK), and p38. These findings demonstrate that central sensitization contributes to pain in SCD.
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Int J Clin Pharm Th · Apr 2015
Effects of pregabalin on central sensitization in patients with migraine.
Despite the fact that the most recently articulated theory of migraine is the central sensitization hypothesis, few basic and clinical research studies on central sensitization have been conducted in patients with migraine. Here, we aim to reveal the risk factors of migraine with allodynia and to illustrate the effects of pregabalin on alleviating allodynia. ⋯ Our results showed that 65.1% of patients with migraine had allodynia and that migraine with allodynia was related to the patient gender (female), disease duration, and medication overuse. Pregabalin was effective at relieving allodynia in migraine.