Articles: hyperalgesia.
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To describe the presence of widespread pressure pain hyperalgesia and myofascial trigger points (TrPs) in neck and shoulder muscles in patients with postmastectomy pain. ⋯ Our findings revealed bilateral widespread pressure pain hypersensitivity in patients with postmastectomy pain. In addition, the local and referred pain elicited by active TrPs reproduced neck and shoulder/axillary complaints in these patients. These results suggest peripheral and central sensitization in patients with postmastectomy pain.
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Opioids are the most potent drugs for treatment of acute and chronic pain. However, accumulating evidence suggests that opioids may paradoxically also enhance pain, often referred to as opioid-induced hyperalgesia. Opioid-induced hyperalgesia is defined as an increased sensitivity to pain or a decreased pain threshold in response to opioid therapy. ⋯ However, it remains unclear whether opioid-induced hyperalgesia develops during continuous chronic application of opioids or on their withdrawal. This review provides a comprehensive summary of clinical research concerning opioid-induced hyperalgesia and the molecular mechanisms of opioid withdrawal and opioid tolerance and other potential mechanisms which might induce hyperalgesia during opioid therapy will be discussed. The status quo of our knowledge will be summarized and the clinical relevance of opioid-induced hyperalgesia will be discussed.
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Opioids are commonly used for pain control; however, they can cause hyperalgesia. The reason why this can happen is not known. The objective of this review was to describe the mechanisms, factors implicated, and drug modulation. ⋯ This is a very complex subject, which involves a series of pathophysiological mechanisms that could contribute for OIH and patient discomfort, bringing disastrous consequences.
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J Orthop Sports Phys Ther · Nov 2010
Specific mechanical pain hypersensitivity over peripheral nerve trunks in women with either unilateral epicondylalgia or carpal tunnel syndrome.
Case-control study with blinded examiner. ⋯ Bilateral mechanical nerve pain hypersensitivity is related to specific and particular nerve trunks in women with either unilateral LE or CTS. Our results suggest the presence of central and peripheral sensitization mechanisms in individuals with either LE or CTS.