Articles: treatment.
-
A community based study was conducted on the understanding and knowledge of childhood diarrhoea and use of oral rehydration therapy (ORT), in four selected villages in Tumpat District, Kelantan. The calculated annual incidence of diarrhoeal disease in children aged 0 to four years in all study villages was 1.38 episodes for each child. The main care-givers of children aged 0 to four years were interviewed and asked to demonstrate how to mix a standard ORS (oral rehydration solution) sachet if they had previously used ORT. ⋯ Significantly more literate women had used ORT than those not literate (p = 0.002). Mothers, particularly those literate, are the primary target group for ORT intervention strategies. Components of health education should include advice on what ORS is, what it is used for, and how to correctly mix a standard sachet.
-
In a study of 52 cases of neonatal tetanus admitted to Wesley Guild Hospital, Ilesha, it was found that 17 (33%) of the babies were delivered to mothers who had received adequate tetanus toxoid immunization during pregnancy. The 17 babies were compared with the remaining 35 babies whose mothers had not received tetanus prophylaxis. ⋯ This report shows that neonatal tetanus can occur in babies of mothers who were immunized with tetanus toxoid during pregnancy. Maternal immunity may, however, improve the prognosis in such infants.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Effect of epinephrine on intrathecal fentanyl analgesia in patients undergoing postpartum tubal ligation.
Eighty women receiving spinal anesthesia for postpartum tubal ligation were entered into a double-blind, randomized protocol studying the effects of epinephrine on intrathecal fentanyl-induced postoperative analgesia. All patients received 70 mg hyperbaric lidocaine with either 0.2 mg epinephrine (LE), 10 micrograms fentanyl (LF), epinephrine and fentanyl (LFE), or 0.4 ml saline (L). ⋯ The simultaneous administration of epinephrine and fentanyl prolonged the duration of complete analgesia (137 +/- 47 min (LFE); 76 +/- 32 min (LE); 85 +/- 44 min (LF); 65 +/- 36 min (L)) and the duration of effective analgesia (562 +/- 504 min (LFE); 227 +/- 201 min (LE); 203 +/- 178 min (LF); 198 +/- 342 min (L)). Administration of epinephrine decreased the incidence of pruritus associated with intrathecal fentanyl (1/18 (LFE); 1/21 (LE); 8/19 (LF); 2/19 (L)).
-
Morphine and other strong opioids are very often needed for the treatment of severe pain. In the FRG the prescription of these analgesics is limited by law, especially for outpatients. Special prescriptions are needed for opioid medication. ⋯ Insufficient treatment of outpatients suffering from severe pain is obvious. The complex regulations in the FRG concerning the prescription of strong opioids are the main reason for insufficient treatment. It is necessary to liberalize these regulations in order to treat severe pain better.
-
The maternal mortality ratio in New York City during the 3-year period of 1981-1983 was 36.1 deaths per 100,000 live births. Eight (7%) of 120 deaths occurred more than 42 days after termination of the pregnancy. Eighteen (15%) of the cases involved white, non-Hispanic women, 66 (55%) were black, and 32 (27%) were Hispanic. ⋯ Increasing age and parity were associated with greater maternal mortality ratios. The leading causes of pregnancy-associated mortality were found to be ectopic pregnancy, pulmonary embolism, anesthetic complications, amniotic fluid embolism, intracranial hemorrhage, hypertensive diseases of pregnancy, infection, and cardiac disease. Abortion-related mortality was about nine times less than the maternal mortality ratio, and the cesarean death-to-case rates could be considered roughly comparable to overall maternal mortality.