Articles: treatment.
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There is a paucity of data on treatment of osteoporosis in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). ⋯ U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Nov 2024
Measuring Self-Efficacy for Concussion Recovery: Psychometric Characteristics of the Progressive Activities of Controlled Exertion-Self-Efficacy Scale.
Control over symptoms postconcussion is central to an active self-directed recovery process. Therefore, assessing a patient's confidence in controlling their symptoms and facilitating their concussion recovery is an important component of treatment. Previously, no measures existed to assess symptom-specific self-efficacy (SE) in pediatric concussion recovery. ⋯ The PACE-SE scores indicated excellent internal consistency reliability with reasonable test-retest reliability over time. Evidence for the association between recovery status and greater confidence and control over recovery-related activities as measured by the PACE-SE was supported by: (1) an inverse association with symptom status reflecting lower confidence for managing recovery with higher symptom load, (2) greater reported problems with school performance associated with lower SE, (3) positive change in SE ratings across two clinic visits associated with symptom improvement, and (4) a significant difference in SE ratings evident between recovered and nonrecovered patients. The psychometric evidence supporting the PACE-SE scale provides the clinician with a measure to understand the child/adolescent patient's self-confidence in facilitating their concussion recovery.
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The treatment of type 2 diabetes is based on four fundamental pillars: diet, exercise, therapeutic education, and pharmacological therapy. There are ten groups of antidiabetic drugs that can be classified according to their mechanism of action, effects on body weight, risk of hypoglycemia, and ability to reduce the development of complications. The choice of medication will be individualized based on the preferences and characteristics of the individual, taking into consideration the presence of cardiovascular disease, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, obesity, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment algorithm from the RedGDPS Foundation is an evidence-based tool that can help us select the most appropriate pharmacological therapy depending on the characteristics of each patient.