Articles: acute-pain.
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Preterm and term neonate pain assessment in neonatal intensive care units is vitally important because of the prevalence of procedural and postoperative pain. Of the 40 plus tools available, a few should be chosen for different populations and contexts (2 have been validated in premature infants). Preterm neonates do not display pain behaviors and physiologic indicators as reliably and specifically as full-term infants, and are vulnerable to long-term sequelae of painful experiences. Brain-oriented approaches may become available in the future; meanwhile, neonatal pain assessment tools must be taught, implemented, and their use optimized for consistent, reproducible, safe, and effective treatment.
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To systematically review the literature for studies comparing the efficacy of opioid analgesics for older adults (≥ 65 years) presenting to the emergency department (ED) with acute pain. ⋯ The lack of published research in this area demonstrates a considerable gap in knowledge of the comparative efficacy of opioid analgesics in the growing older adult patient population. Physicians are often uncertain in their choice of analgesia, potentially contributing to the undertreatment of pain. It is clear that well designed RCTs are urgently needed.
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Letter Case Reports
An acute presentation of cervical pain: Crowned dens syndrome.