Articles: intensive-care-units.
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Social science & medicine · Jan 1990
Review Comparative StudyInternational perspectives on treatment choice in neonatal intensive care units.
Over the past 25 years, neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) have been established throughout the industrialized world and in some Third World nations to provide sophisticated medical interventions for critically ill newborns. This paper discusses the four major factors affecting treatment choices for newborns with disabilities or at risk for disabilities: the availability of resources, societal attitudes toward medical interventions and life with disabilities, the roles of physicians, parents and other decision-makers, and the role of the law. Much has been written on the bioethical issues surrounding such treatment as it is practiced in the United States, including analysis by social scientists; however, little has been written on how those issues are perceived and dealt with in most other nations, and very little comparative research has been conducted. ⋯ S. practice, which has received much attention, with a generalized commentary on practices in other parts of the world, which have received less examination. The nations surveyed include Australia, Brazil, Britain, Canada, China, France, India, Israel, Japan, the Netherlands, Poland, Sweden, and West Germany. The value of further comparative research is discussed in order to encourage others to do such research.
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Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Resource use, efficiency, and outcome prediction in pediatric intensive care of trauma patients.
To study the impact of trauma patients on Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs), 164 trauma patients' data from 1,075 consecutive admissions to five PICUs were reviewed. Resource use (Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System [TISS] points) and mortality risks (Physiologic Stability Index [PSI] and Pediatric Risk of Mortality [PRISM] scores) were obtained daily for all patients. Trauma patients constituted 15.2% of all PICU patients, and used 14.9% of patient care days and 14.5% of TISS points. ⋯ Trauma patients are a minority of PICU patients and deaths. Their resource use is proportional to their numbers, although less efficient than for nontrauma patients. PSI and PRISM are accurate mortality risk predictors for trauma patients.
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During 1989, a nosocomial infection rate of 3.15% was observed among the 412 neonates hospitalised for more than 2 days in the paediatric intensive care unit and a special care baby unit in the medical centre of Nice. Certain factors only partially explain the above, and it is probable that the non-invasive methods of monitoring and care and the experienced nursing staff contribute to a great extent to this low frequency of infection.