Articles: chronic.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Aug 2022
Historical ArticleJohn Henry Evans, MD: Founding Chairman of the Board of Governors of the International Anesthesia Research Society, and a Forgotten Pioneer of Oxygen Therapy.
The theoretical and practical foundations of modern oxygen therapy were established during the first half of the 20th century. John Henry Evans, MD, inaugural chairman of the Board of Governors of the International Anesthesia Research Society (IARS), was an early pioneer in this field. ⋯ Additionally, Evans experimented with the subcutaneous injection and intravenous infusion of oxygen, reporting significant benefits of the former in several acute inflammatory conditions, as well as a variety of chronic ailments. While these contributions have largely been forgotten, Evans expanded the remit of anesthesiology beyond the operating theater and the original charter of the IARS and helped lay the foundations for the rational use of oxygen as a therapeutic agent in all areas of medicine.
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Journal of neurosurgery · Aug 2022
Repeated intravenous infusion of mesenchymal stem cells for enhanced functional recovery in a rat model of chronic cerebral ischemia.
Stroke is a major cause of long-term disability, and there are few effective treatments that improve function in patients during the chronic phase of stroke. Previous research has shown that single systemic infusion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) improves motor function in acute and chronic cerebral ischemia models in rats. A possible mechanism that could explain such an event includes the enhanced neural connections between cerebral hemispheres that contribute to therapeutic effects. In the present study, repeated infusions (3 times at weekly intervals) of MSCs were administered in a rat model of chronic stroke to determine if multiple dosing facilitated plasticity in neural connections. ⋯ These results indicate that repeated systemic administration of MSCs over 3 weeks resulted in greater functional improvement as compared to single administration and/or vehicle infusion. In addition, administration of MSCs is associated with promotion of interhemispheric connectivity through the CC in the chronic phase of cerebral infarction.
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Intensive interdisciplinary pain treatment (IIPT) for youth with high impact chronic pain has been found to be effective in improving child symptoms and functioning. However, it remains unclear how these interventions impact the parents' own well-being, as well as cognitions and behaviours which are known to influence child pain and functioning. Thus, the current study sought to determine the effect of IIPT on parent mental health, cognitions and behaviours in parents of youth attending IIPT with their child. ⋯ Although parents appear to benefit from attending an IIPT with their child, RCTs are needed to substantiate the effect of these interventions on important aspects of parent well-being and functioning.
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The nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR) is a spinally mediated withdrawal response and is used as an electrophysiological marker of descending modulation of spinal nociception. Chemical and pharmacological modulation of nociceptive neurotransmission at the spinal level has been evidenced by direct effects of neurotransmitters and pharmacological agents on the NFR. Largely unexplored are, however, the effects of nonpharmacological noninvasive conservative interventions on the NFR. ⋯ Such interventions may help prevent and treat chronic pain characterized by enhanced spinal nociception. Furthermore, given the responsiveness of the NFR to conservative interventions, the NFR assessment seems to be an appropriate tool in empirical evaluations of treatment strategies. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020164495.