Articles: chronic.
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Intradiscal electrothermal annuloplasty (IDET) is an effective treatment for chronic discogenic low back pain (LBP). However, efficacy of IDET for the treatment of referred leg pain has not been examined. This study was performed to assess the long-term efficacy of IDET for the treatment of referred leg pain in chronic discogenic LBP patients. ⋯ A relatively large number of LBP patients who underwent IDET (84%) presented with referred leg pain without sciatica. The IDET procedure afforded improvements in leg pain that correlated well with improvements in back pain (0.75/4 and 0.88/4, respectively). These data suggest that IDET may relieve associated limb pain in chronic discogenic LBP patients.
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Lumbar facet (zygapophysial) joints have been implicated as the source of chronic pain in 15% to 45% of patients with chronic low back pain. Diagnosis may be confounded by false-positive results with a single diagnostic block and administration of anxiolytics and narcotics prior to or during the diagnostic facet joint blocks. ⋯ The administration of sedation with midazolam or fentanyl is a confounding factor in the diagnosis of lumbar facet joint pain in patients with chronic low back pain. However, this study suggests that if strict criteria including pain relief and ability to perform prior painful movements is used as the standard for evaluating the effect of controlled local anesthetic blocks, the diagnostic validity of lumbar facet joint nerve blocks may be preserved.
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Over the years, there has been a shift toward the increased reliance on opioids for the treatment of chronic pain. It is well known that some patients do not provide an appropriate history or underestimate their drug intake, and may exaggerate reported pain levels. Numerous studies have documented the incidence of illicit drug use and abuse of opioids in chronic pain patients. It is not known what proportion of patients have already been exposed to controlled substances prior to presenting for interventional pain management. ⋯ Ninety percent of these patients were taking opioids. Twenty-seven patients incorrectly reported opioid use, either underuse or overuse, with 23 patients using illicit drugs, 12 using non-prescription opioids, and with 35 of 100 patients at initial evaluation exhibiting one of the abuse behaviors.
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Percutaneous disc decompression using Coblation (Nucleoplasty trade mark) implements the principle of volumetric reduction to achieve disc decompression and reduce intradiscal pressure. Previous analyses have shown that Nucleoplasty achieves reduction in volume and intradiscal pressure with minimal damage to surrounding tissue in the treated disc. ⋯ Nucleoplasty for disc decompression is one of the least-invasive techniques in the minimally invasive category, thus far exhibiting a very low incidence of complications. Although no long-term data are available, these preliminary results indicate that the Nucleoplasty procedure is a safe and moderately effective procedure for reducing pain in patients presenting with predominant discogenic low back pain associated with contained disc herniation.
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It is known that, in spite of meeting appropriate clinical criteria for spinal cord stimulation (SCS) and having undergone flawless procedures, a significant number of patients who fail the therapy continues to exist. It is the purpose of this article to focus on the development of psychosocial indicators of success for SCS, if any. Referring to specialist literature authors present a review of what is known, what is not known, and what remains controversial on this topic. ⋯ To improve treatment outcomes of SCS, seems to be essential to perform psychosocial evaluations on all persons clinically indicated for SCS to exclude those patients, who most probably, on a psychosocial level, will fail the procedure. To maximize treatment efficacy, authors believe spinal cord stimulation for chronic pain control must be part of a comprehensive program. An accurate preoperative psychosocial assessment and a course of psychological assistance both before and after therapy seems to be crucial for improving outcomes.