Articles: sars-cov-2.
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As the COVID-19 pandemic continues into its third year, emerging data indicates increased risks associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, including pre-eclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm birth, stillbirth, and risk of developmental defects in neonates. Here, we review clinical reports to date that address different COVID-19 pregnancy complications. We also document placental pathologies induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection, entry mechanisms in placental cells, and immune responses at the maternal-fetal interface. ⋯ However, because pregnant individuals were not included in the vaccine clinical trials, some pregnant individuals have safety concerns and are hesitant to take these vaccines. We describe the recent studies that have addressed the effectiveness and safety of the current vaccines during pregnancy. This review also sheds light on important areas that need to be carefully or more fully considered with respect to understanding SARS-CoV-2 disease mechanisms of concern during pregnancy.
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Diverse manifestations have been recognized to last for a long time in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. However, understanding of oral sequelae after recovery from COVID-19 is relatively poor compared to that of oral symptoms in the acute phase of COVID-19 and other COVID-19 sequelae. The aim of the present study was to characterize persistent gustatory and saliva secretory dysfunctions and to speculate on their pathogenic mechanisms. ⋯ The prevalence of gustatory sequelae partly depends on difference in ethnicity, gender, age, and disease severity of subjects. Co-occurring gustatory and saliva secretory sequelae are pathogenically related to either or both of the following: expression of SARS-CoV-2 cellular entry-relevant receptors in taste buds and salivary glands, and SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced deficiency in zinc that is essential for normality of taste perception and saliva secretion. Given the long-term oral sequelae, hospital discharge is not the end of the disease; therefore, careful attention should be continuously paid to oral conditions of post-COVID-19 patients.
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Meta Analysis
Anticoagulation therapy in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
Thromboembolic events are common in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 infection may be related to a prothrombotic state. Several clinical trials evaluating different anticoagulation strategies were developed. Thus, we proposed conducting a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials that evaluated the efficacy and safety of therapeutic anticoagulation with heparins in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. ⋯ This meta-analysis did not show a reduction in all-cause mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 who received anticoagulation with heparin at a therapeutic dose compared to those who received a prophylactic/intermediate dose, as well as no significant differences were found in the need of intensive care unit admission or use of non-invasive ventilation. There was, however, a reduction in thromboembolic events, pulmonary embolism, and increased bleeding (Tab. 1, Fig. 5, Ref. 31). Keywords: COVID-19, anticoagulation, heparins, meta-analysis.
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Meta Analysis
Evaluation of oral small molecule drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
At present, there are some randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of oral small molecule drugs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral small molecule drug treatment for COVID-19. ⋯ When compared to other antiviral medications, paxlovid can reduce the mortality and hospitalization of COVID-19 patients.
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Investigate the predictive value of NEWS2, NEWS-C, and COVID-19 Severity Index for predicting intensive care unit (ICU) transfer in the next 24 h. ⋯ COVID-19 Severity index has better calibration and discrimination than NEWS2 and NEWS-C to predict ICU transfer during hospitalization.