Articles: sars-cov-2.
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Persistence of COVID-19 symptoms may follow severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. The incidence of long COVID increases with the severity of acute disease, but even mild disease can be associated with sequelae. ⋯ Elevated levels of complement are present in acute COVID-19 patients and may persist at lower levels in long COVID. Evidence supports complement activation, with endotheliopathy-associated disease as the molecular mechanism causing both acute and long COVID.
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Critical care clinics · Jan 2025
Review Comparative StudyClinical Comparison of Post-intensive Care Syndrome and Long Coronavirus Disease.
Post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) encompasses persistent physical, psychological, and cognitive impairments. The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic highlighted parallels between PICS and "long COVID". There is an overlap between the 2 in risk factors, symptoms, and pathophysiology. ⋯ Mental health issues consist of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder in both disease states. Long COVID and PICS impact families, with multifaceted effects on physical health, mental well-being, and socioeconomic stability. Understanding these syndromes is crucial for comprehensive patient care and family support.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Therapeutic BCG vaccine protects against long COVID: The BATTLE randomized clinical trial.
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This study aimed to assess the kinetics of antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2, following natural infection in a cohort of employees of the Institut Pasteur de Tunis (IPT) and to assess the risk of reinfection over a 12-months follow-up period. A prospective study was conducted among an open cohort of IPT employees with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection that were recruited between September 2020 and March 2021. Sera samples were taken at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after confirmation of COVID-19 infection and tested for SARS-CoV-2-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to the spike (S-RBD) protein (IgG anti-S-RBD) and for neutralizing antibodies. ⋯ Among the 70 participants with three or more prospective blood samples, 32.8% were reinfected among whom 11 (47.8%) reported COVID-19 like symptoms. Up to 12 months of follow up, 100% and 42.9% of participants had detectable IgG anti-S-RBD and neutralizing antibodies, respectively. This study showed that humoral immune response following COVID-19 infection may persist up to 12 months after infection despite the potential risk for reinfection that is mainly explained by the emergence of new variants.
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Although COVID-19 vaccines exhibit diverse side effects, taste and saliva secretory disorders have remained poorly understood despite their negative impact on the overall quality of life. The present study aimed to characterize oral adverse effects following COVID-19 vaccination and assess their similarities with oral symptoms in COVID-19 patients. A literature search was conducted in databases, including PubMed, LitCovid, and Google Scholar, to retrieve relevant studies. ⋯ Considering that oral adverse effects following COVID-19 vaccination share some characteristics with oral symptoms in COVID-19 patients, it is speculated that the spike protein derived from COVID-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection may be pathophysiologically responsible for taste and saliva secretory disorders. This is because such spike protein has the potential to interact with ACE2 expressed on the relevant cells, produce proinflammatory cytokines, and form antiphospholipid antibodies. Our results do not deny the advantage of COVID-19 vaccination, but attention should be paid to post-vaccination oral effects in addition to COVID-19 oral symptoms.