Articles: sars-cov-2.
-
The infection-fatality ratio (IFR) is a metric that quantifies the likelihood of an individual dying once infected with a pathogen. Understanding the determinants of IFR variation for COVID-19, the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has direct implications for mitigation efforts with respect to clinical practice, non-pharmaceutical interventions, and the prioritisation of risk groups for targeted vaccine delivery. The IFR is also a crucial parameter in COVID-19 dynamic transmission models, providing a way to convert a population's mortality rate into an estimate of infections. ⋯ Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, J Stanton, T Gillespie, and J and E Nordstrom.
-
During the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it is critical to ensure the safety of COVID-19 vaccines. We herein report a 51-year-old Japanese woman who developed acute-onset type 1 diabetes with diabetic ketoacidosis six weeks after receiving the first dose of a COVID-19 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccine. ⋯ Human leukocyte antigen typing was homozygous for DRB1*09:01-DQB1*03:03 haplotypes. This case suggests that COVID-19 vaccination can induce type 1 diabetes in some individuals with a genetic predisposition.
-
Review Case Reports
SARS-CoV-2-related Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-associated Disease: A Case Report and Literature Review.
We herein report a case of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. A 24-year-old woman developed unilateral optic neuritis 3 weeks after contracting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), followed by intracranial demyelinating lesions and myelitis. Since serum anti-MOG antibody was positive, we diagnosed MOG antibody-associated disease. ⋯ This is a suggestive case, as there are no reports of MOG antibody-associated disease with multiple neurological lesions occurring after COVID-19. The response to immunotherapy was favorable. This case suggests that it is important to measure anti-MOG antibodies in patients who develop inflammatory neurological disease after COVID-19.
-
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) community transmission was eliminated in Australia from 1/11/2020 to 30/6/2021, allowing evaluation of surveillance system performance in detecting novel outbreaks, including against variants of concern (VoCs). This paper aims to define system requirements for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) surveillance under future transmission and response scenarios, based on surveillance system performance to date. ⋯ Australia's surveillance systems performed well in detecting novel introduction of SARS-CoV-2 while community transmission was eliminated; introductions were infrequent and case numbers were low. Detection relied on quarantine screening and community surveillance in symptomatic members of the general population, supported by comprehensive genomic sequencing. Once vaccine coverage is maximised, future COVID-19 control should shift to detection of SARS-CoV-2 VoCs, requiring maintenance of surveillance systems and testing all international arrivals, alongside greatly increased genomic sequencing capacity. Effective government support of localised public health response mechanisms and engagement of all sectors of the community is crucial to current and future COVID-19 management.