Articles: opioid.
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Yonsei medical journal · Mar 2015
Randomized Controlled TrialSelective spinal anesthesia using 1 mg of bupivacaine with opioid in elderly patients for transurethral resection of prostate.
This study was to evaluate the characteristics of selective spinal anesthesia using 1 mg of bupivacaine combined with fentanyl or sufentanil in elderly patients undergoing transurethral resection of prostate. ⋯ Selective spinal anesthesia using 1 mg of bupivacaine with fentanyl or sufentanil provided appropriate sensory block level with spared motor function for transurethral resection of the prostate in elderly patients. Intrathecal sufentanil was superior to fentanyl in postoperative analgesic quality.
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Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol. · Feb 2015
Randomized Controlled TrialEfficacy and safety of sublingual fentanyl orally disintegrating tablet at doses determined from oral morphine rescue doses in the treatment of breakthrough cancer pain.
A randomized, crossover, double-blinded placebo-controlled and non-blinded active drug-controlled, comparative clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sublingual fentanyl tablet. ⋯ Patients treated with strong opioid analgesics at fixed intervals for chronic cancer pain and with oral morphine at doses up to 20 mg as rescue medication were investigated. The doses of sublingual fentanyl to treat breakthrough pain were determined from rescue morphine doses by use of conversion ratios. In these patients, administration of sublingual fentanyl at doses determined by a conversion ratio of 1/50 was effective and safe. Further studies are needed to validate the use of this conversion method.
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Addictive behaviors · Feb 2015
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyOpioid withdrawal, craving, and use during and after outpatient buprenorphine stabilization and taper: a discrete survival and growth mixture model.
Most patients relapse to opioids within one month of opioid agonist detoxification, making the antecedents and parallel processes of first use critical for investigation. Craving and withdrawal are often studied in relationship to opioid outcomes, and a novel analytic strategy applied to these two phenomena may indicate targeted intervention strategies. ⋯ Generally, participants with lower baseline levels and greater decreases in craving and withdrawal during stabilization combined with slower craving and withdrawal rebound during buprenorphine taper remained opioid-free longer. This exploratory work expanded on the importance of monitoring craving and withdrawal during buprenorphine induction, stabilization, and taper. Future research may allow individually tailored and timely interventions to be developed to extend time-to-first opioid use.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Failure of intrathecal ketorolac to reduce remifentanil-induced postinfusion hyperalgesia in humans.
In rodents, acute exposure to opioids results in transient antinociception followed by longer lasting hypersensitivity to tactile or thermal stimuli, a phenomenon termed opioid-induced hyperalgesia. This hypersensitivity can be blocked or reversed by intrathecally administered cyclooxygenase inhibitors, including ketorolac, suggesting a role for spinal prostaglandins. In surgical patients, the dose of intraoperative opioid, particularly the short-acting drug, remifentanil, is directly related to increased pain and opioid requirements for many hours postoperatively. ⋯ The primary outcome measure, area of capsaicin-induced hypersensitivity after stopping remifentanil, showed a similar increase in those receiving ketorolac as in those receiving saline. Cerebrospinal fluid prostaglandin E2 concentrations did not increase during postinfusion hyperalgesia compared with those during infusion, and they were not increased during infusion compared with those in historical controls. These data fail to support the hypothesis that acute opioid-induced hyperalgesia reflects spinal cyclooxygenase activation causing central sensitization.
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Postgraduate medicine · Jan 2015
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyEfficacy and safety of once-daily, extended-release hydrocodone in individuals previously receiving hydrocodone/acetaminophen combination therapy for chronic pain.
Hydrocodone/acetaminophen combination analgesics are frequently prescribed for chronic pain management; however, acetaminophen presents potential hepatotoxicity to patients and thus dose limitations. These opioid medications are also widely abused. Once-daily, single-entity hydrocodone (Hysingla™ ER tablets [HYD]) is a novel formulation with abuse-deterrent properties for the management of chronic pain and represents a suitable option for those patients receiving analgesics containing the same opioid analgesic, hydrocodone. This post-hoc analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of HYD in patients whose primary pre-study analgesic was hydrocodone/acetaminophen analgesics (23-31% of the study populations). ⋯ In patients whose primary pretrial analgesic was hydrocodone/acetaminophen combination tablets, single-entity HYD was effective in reducing pain intensity and in maintaining analgesia over time without need for continued dose increase. HYD's safety and tolerability profiles were similar to other opioid analgesics.