Articles: opioid.
-
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse · Sep 2016
Randomized Controlled TrialIntravenous abuse potential study of oxycodone alone or in combination with naltrexone in nondependent recreational opioid users.
ALO-02, comprising pellets of extended-release oxycodone surrounding sequestered naltrexone, is intended to deter abuse. ⋯ Intravenous administration of simulated crushed ALO-02 resulted in significantly lower abuse potential, as assessed by subjective ratings of drug liking and high, than intravenous oxycodone in nondependent, recreational opioid users. This suggests that injection of ALO-02 may not be as desirable to recreational opioid users compared with oxycodone taken for nonmedical reasons.
-
Paediatric anaesthesia · Sep 2016
Current practice of acute pain management in children-a national follow-up survey in Germany.
This study aimed to summarize the current standard practices for acute pain management in children in Germany and the implementation of these procedures. The last survey on acute pain management in children was performed in 1999, highlighting the need for an up to date review. ⋯ Current practice of pediatric pain management varied widely and the recommendations of guidelines, like regular pain management, were frequently not met. However, improvements could be observed since 1999, for example, an increase in regular pain measurements (4% vs 67%). Furthermore, pain management in hospitals running a pediatric department had a higher degree of organization, and more sophisticated analgesic techniques.
-
J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother · Sep 2016
Case ReportsChronic Cancer-Related Pain: Continuous Perineural Infusion of Local Anesthetics as Alternative to Systemic Analgesic Drugs.
Pain is a major concern for patients suffering from cancer. Although opioid drugs remain the gold standard for treatment of pain, little is known about the interest of continuous analgesia techniques as alternative. The aim of the present article is to detail the feasibility and to present the diversity of continuous perineural infusion of local anesthetic. ⋯ No infection was reported. In selected patients, continuous perineural infusion of local anesthetics appears to be an attractive alternative to parenteral opioids for cancer-related pain. Further investigation is warranted to better define the place of these techniques in the armamentarium of cancer-related pain treatment.
-
Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol · Sep 2016
ReviewOpioids in the treatment of restless legs syndrome: pharmacological and clinical aspects.
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common neurologic sensory-motor disorder that can have a negative impact on sleep, quality of life and health. In patients affected by severe RLS, pharmacological treatment is mandatory. ⋯ The drugs currently available for the treatment of RLS do not always allow to obtain an optimal control of symptoms, in particular, when utilised for long-term treatment. Opioids as monotherapy or add-on treatment should be considered when alternative satisfactory regimens are unavailable and the severity of symptoms warrants it. In a phase III trial oxycodone-naloxone prolonged-release (PR) demonstrated a significant and sustained effect on patients with severe RLS inadequately controlled by previous treatment. It was recently approved for the second-line symptomatic treatment of severe to very severe idiopathic RLS, after failure of dopaminergic treatment. Further studies are needed to evaluate if oxycodone-naloxone PR is equally efficacious as a first-line treatment. Moreover, long-term comparative studies between opioids, dopaminergic drugs and α-2-δ ligands are needed.