Articles: opioid.
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Hormone replacement remains one of the common therapies for menopause-related pain but is associated with risk of orofacial or back pain. Spinal endomorphin-2 (EM-2) is involved in varied pain and its release is steroid-dependent, but whether increasing spinal EM-2 can inhibit thermal hyperalgesia and inflammatory pain in ovariectomized (OVX) female rats, an animal model mimicking menopause, is not clear, nor is the potential involvement of spinal mu-opioid receptor (MOR). In the current study, we revealed that the temporal decrease of spinal EM-2 is accompanied with OVX-induced thermal hyperalgesia that was dose-dependently attenuated by intrathecal (IT) delivery of EM-2. ⋯ Furthermore, IT delivery of EM-2 did not affect the animals' locomotion or anxiety status. Our findings suggested that IT EM-2 might be a safer analgesia strategy than hormone replacement therapy in reducing risk of orofacial or back pain. However, a long-lasting form of EM-2 with less tolerance is needed to induce sustained analgesia.
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J Pain Symptom Manage · Mar 2015
Sickle cell disease patients with and without extremely high hospital use: pain, opioids, and coping.
Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) and extremely high hospital use (EHHU) encounter significant challenges in pain management because of opioid medication use for pain and providers' concerns about addiction. ⋯ The prescription of opioid medications for SCD pain management exacerbates issues of distrust in the patient-provider relationship. Such issues dominate patient care in patients with EHHU. Patients with EHHU and providers may learn from the proactive nature of LHU patients' engagement with the health care system as further research and interventions are designed for EHHU.
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Yonsei medical journal · Mar 2015
Randomized Controlled TrialSelective spinal anesthesia using 1 mg of bupivacaine with opioid in elderly patients for transurethral resection of prostate.
This study was to evaluate the characteristics of selective spinal anesthesia using 1 mg of bupivacaine combined with fentanyl or sufentanil in elderly patients undergoing transurethral resection of prostate. ⋯ Selective spinal anesthesia using 1 mg of bupivacaine with fentanyl or sufentanil provided appropriate sensory block level with spared motor function for transurethral resection of the prostate in elderly patients. Intrathecal sufentanil was superior to fentanyl in postoperative analgesic quality.
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Addictive behaviors · Mar 2015
Randomized Controlled TrialLifetime history of heroin use is associated with greater drug severity among prescription opioid abusers.
While research suggests primary prescription opioid (PO) abusers may exhibit less severe demographic and drug use characteristics than primary heroin abusers, less is known about whether a lifetime history of heroin use confers greater severity among PO abusers. ⋯ A lifetime history of heroin use may be associated with elevated drug severity and unique treatment needs among treatment-seeking PO abusers.
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Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract. · Mar 2015
ReviewClinical pharmacology of analgesic drugs in cattle.
Providing pain relief in cattle is challenging. In the absence of labeled drugs, the Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act regulates the extralabel drug use of analgesics in cattle within the United States. ⋯ This article reviews the commonly used analgesics investigated in cattle including local anesthetics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, opioids, α2-agonists, N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonists, and gabapentin. These compounds are examined with respect to evidence of analgesia in cattle during pain states.