Articles: opioid.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Sep 2013
Risk factors for incident nonmedical prescription opioid use and abuse and dependence: results from a longitudinal nationally representative sample.
There has been a significant increase in opioid prescriptions and the prevalence of opioid nonmedical use. Nonmedical use may lead to opioid abuse/dependence, a serious public health concern. The aim of this paper was to determine the mental and physical health predictors of incident nonmedical prescription opioid use (NMPOU) and abuse/dependence, and the impact of comorbidity in a longitudinal, nationally representative sample. ⋯ These results suggest the importance of mental and physical comorbidity as a risk for NMPOU and abuse/dependence, emphasizing the need for careful screening practices when prescribing opioids.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Sep 2013
Development of Opioid Overdose Knowledge (OOKS) and Attitudes (OOAS) Scales for take-home naloxone training evaluation.
To develop an Opioid Overdose Knowledge Scale (OOKS) and an Opioid Overdose Attitudes Scale (OOAS) to evaluate take-home naloxone training. ⋯ The 45-item OOKS and 28-item OOAS are suitable as outcome measures of take-home naloxone training for friends and family members of opioid users.
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The anesthetic implications of Joubert syndrome in an infant who required cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is presented. Children with Joubert syndrome present with central apnea due to malformations in the midbrain and cerebellum. These patients have a marked sensitivity to opioids. The use of dexmedetomidine along with remifentanil was effective in this case.
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Clinics in perinatology · Sep 2013
ReviewChronic opioid use during pregnancy: maternal and fetal implications.
Current trends in the United States suggest that chronic narcotic use has increased in reproductive aged women over the past 10 years. Regular exposure to such substances during pregnancy has maternal and fetal implications. ⋯ A multidisciplinary, collaborative approach is highly recommended. This review discusses usage of narcotic medications, associated maternal and fetal risks, and management strategies for the antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum periods.
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Experimental neurology · Sep 2013
ReviewOpioid administration following spinal cord injury: implications for pain and locomotor recovery.
Approximately one-third of people with a spinal cord injury (SCI) will experience persistent neuropathic pain following injury. This pain negatively affects quality of life and is difficult to treat. Opioids are among the most effective drug treatments, and are commonly prescribed, but experimental evidence suggests that opioid treatment in the acute phase of injury can attenuate recovery of locomotor function. ⋯ A review of the literature, described here, suggests that caution is warranted when administering opioids after SCI. Opioid administration may synergistically contribute to the pathology of SCI to increase the development of pain, decrease locomotor recovery, and leave individuals at risk for infection. Considering these negative implications, it is important that guidelines are established for the use of opioids following spinal cord and other central nervous system injuries.