Articles: pain-management.
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A growing body of evidence supports the modulation of pain by light exposure. As such, phototherapy is being increasingly utilized for the management of a variety of pain conditions. The modes of delivery, and hence applications of phototherapy, vary by wavelength, intensity, and route of exposure. ⋯ The mechanisms of photobiomodulation of pain presented in this review provide a foundation in furtherance of exploration of the utility of phototherapy as a tool in the management of pain. PERSPECTIVE: This review synopsizes the pathways and mechanisms through which light modulates pain and the therapeutic utility of different colors and exposure modalities of light on pain. Recent advances in photobiomodulation provide a foundation for understanding this novel treatment for pain on which future translational and clinical studies can build upon.
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Research on placebo analgesia commonly focuses on the impact of information about direction (i.e., increase or decrease of pain) and magnitude of the expected analgesic effect, whereas temporal aspects of expectations have received little attention so far. In a recent study, using short-lasting, low-intensity stimuli, we demonstrated that placebo analgesia onset is influenced by temporal information. Here, we investigate whether the same effect of temporal suggestions can be found in longer lasting, high-intensity pain in a Cold Pressor Test (CPT). ⋯ Research on placebo effects mainly focuses on the influence of information about direction (i.e., increase or decrease of pain) and magnitude (i.e., strong or weak) of the expected effect but ignores temporal aspects of expectations. In our study in healthy volunteers, the reported onset of placebo analgesia followed the temporal information provided. Such 'external timing' effects could not only aid the clinical use of placebo treatment (e.g., in open-label placebos) but also support the efficacy of active drugs.
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Pediatric emergency care · Jul 2021
Evaluating for Racial Differences in Pain Management of Long-Bone Fractures in a Pediatric Rural Population.
The aim of this study was to determine if a racial disparity exists in the administration of an analgesic, time to receiving analgesic, and type of analgesic administered to children with long-bone fractures. Prior studies have reported the existence of racial disparity but were mostly in adult and urban populations. ⋯ This study showed no statistical significance in the receipt or type of analgesic or wait time for pediatric long-bone fractures between race in a major academic level 1 trauma children's hospital, despite previous literature citing otherwise. This study augments to the few studies conducted in a rural setting. It is also one of the few studies that analyzed pain management in a large pediatric population as well as used waiting time to receive analgesic as an outcome measure. Overall, we found a mean wait time of 69 minutes for analgesic administration regardless of race, suggesting the need for more prompt pain management across all races for the management of long-bone fracture in the pediatric population.
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Int. J. Clin. Pract. · Jul 2021
Randomized Controlled TrialEfficiency Of Intracavitary Levobupivacaine Infusion For Pain Management During Cystoscopic Procedures: A Randomized Study.
This study evaluated the effect of intracavitary levobupivacaine infusion diluted with locally applied isotonic solution for pain control in cystoscopy. ⋯ Thus, levobupivacaine is a more effective drug than lidocaine alone to control pain during cystoscopy. The use of levobupivacaine is recommended to prevent possible complications of general anaesthesia by eliminating the need for the aforementioned as well as its cost-saving advantage.