Articles: ninos.
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Observational Study
Association of low fat mass with nontuberculous mycobacterial infection in patients with bronchiectasis.
The incidence of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection is high in patients with underlying lung disease such as bronchiectasis. Although previous studies have reported many risk factors contributing to the development of NTM-lung disease (LD), only a few reports on the relationship of the characteristics of patients, such as body mass index (BMI), skeletal mass, and fat mass, with NTM-LD have been published. We aimed to investigate the association between these parameters and NTM-LD in patients with bronchiectasis. ⋯ These patients with NTM-LD were predominantly female, and had a significantly lower body weight (58.20 ± 8.84 vs 54.16 ± 8.99, P < .001), BMI (22.67 ± 3.04 vs 21.20 ± 2.59 kg/m2, P < .001), fat mass (16.19 ± 6.60 vs 14.23 ± 5.79, P = .013), and fat mass index (FMI; 6.79 ± 2.70 vs 5.57 ± 2.27 kg/m2, P < .001). Multivariate regression analysis showed that both female sex and lower FMI but not skeletal muscle index were independent risk factors for NTM-LD after adjusting for age, bronchiectasis severity index, and BMI (odds ratio 3.86 (1.99-7.78); 0.72 (0.63-0.82), P < .001, respectively). Our results suggest that lower FMI may contribute to susceptibility to NTM infection in patients with bronchiectasis, independent of age or its severity.
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Case Reports
Primary inguinal subcutaneous endometriosis accompanied with an inguinal hernia: A case report.
We report a case with inguinal subcutaneous endometriosis without typical cyclic dysmenorrhea and accompanied with a hernia sac treated with resection of the tumor and herniorrhaphy. ⋯ Cutaneous endometriosis accompanied with a hernia sac can be presented without typical endometriosis-associated symptoms such as dysmenorrhea. Inguinal endometriosis might be the differential diagnosis of inguinal painless nodules.
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Observational Study
Immune-related adverse events with immune checkpoint inhibitors: Special reference to the effects on the lungs.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as evolutionary treatments for malignant diseases. Although ICIs can cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in various organs, precise timing after ICI initiation has been scarcely reported. Elucidating the effects of irAEs, such as time to onset, involvement of major organs, influence on progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS), are critical issues for physicians. ⋯ However, this positive effect of irAEs in the lungs was not proportional to the extent of severity. Lung-irAEs can occur at a later phase than non-lung-irAEs and seemed not to prolong OS and PFS. However, further studies are needed to support these findings.
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Case Reports
Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome with severe clinical course and beneficial outcome: A case report.
Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome (OMS) is a rare immune-mediated movement disorder, mostly of paraneoplastic or idiopathic origin. The disease usually has an acute onset, serious course and leads rapidly to disability in adult patients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the fourth presented case of OMS with a severe course and complete reversibility of neurological symptoms in a pregnant woman. This report includes videos and a literature review. ⋯ We confirm that understanding of clinical symptoms and rare causes of OMS contributes to early diagnosis and therapy, which ensures an optimal outcome. One probable cause of OMS could be a physiological change to immune system regulation during pregnancy. The relationship between OMS and pregnancy remains uncertain and needs further investigation.
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Observational Study
Effectiveness and safety of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of morphine dependence: A retrospective study.
Morphine dependence (MD) is a very common complication because of the chronic morphine consumption. Studies suggest that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can be used for the treatment of MD. However, there is still lacking evidence to support rTMS for MD. ⋯ In addition, this study did not identify treatment-related adverse events in both groups. The findings of this study showed that rTMS treatment showed promising effectiveness on patients with MD. However, future studies should focus on warranting the present findings.