Articles: critical-illness.
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There is growing scientific interest in immunity mandates/passports (IMP) for viral diseases in light of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. IMP isolate those who remain nonimmune from various settings to reduce nonhousehold transmissions from the nonimmune and reduce severe/critical illness among the nonimmune. ⋯ We use data from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic to demonstrate the properties and utility of the NNI and to inform the debate about IMP. We focus on data from the European Union, United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Australia, and Israel during the fall 2021 when the Delta (B.1.617.2) variant predominated.
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To summarize recent research on critical care nutrition focusing on the optimal composition, timing, and monitoring of enteral feeding strategies for (post)-ICU patients. We provide new insights on energy and protein recommendations, feeding intolerance, and describe nutritional practices for coronavirus disease 2019 ICU patients. ⋯ Nutritional therapy should be adapted to the patient's characteristics, diagnosis, and state of metabolism during ICU stay and convalescence. A personalized nutrition plan may prevent harmful over- or underfeeding and attenuate muscle loss. Despite novel insights, more research is warranted into tailored nutrition strategies during critical illness and convalescence.
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Many critically ill patients face physical, mental or neurocognitive impairments up to years later, the etiology remaining largely unexplained. Aberrant epigenetic changes have been linked to abnormal development and diseases resulting from adverse environmental exposures like major stress or inadequate nutrition. Theoretically, severe stress and artificial nutritional management of critical illness thus could induce epigenetic changes explaining long-term problems. We review supporting evidence. ⋯ Epigenetic abnormalities induced by critical illness or its nutritional management provide a plausible molecular basis for their adverse effects on long-term outcomes. Identifying treatments to further attenuate these abnormalities opens perspectives to reduce the debilitating legacy of critical illness.
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J Clin Monit Comput · Apr 2023
ReviewBioelectrical impedance analysis during deresuscitation: correlation and agreement with cumulative fluid balance in ICU patients.
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a promising tool to evaluate the body composition of critically-ill patients. The present study aimed to assess its value as a fluid management monitoring tool during standardized deresuscitation strategy. A historical cohort of critically-ill adult patients with fluid overload and continuous renal replacement therapy was used to explore both relationship and agreement between changes in cumulative fluid balance and BIA-derived hydration variables within the 5 days following initiation of deresuscitation strategy using net ultrafiltration. ⋯ Total body water (rho = 0.63), extracellular water (rho = 0.68), and intracellular water (rho = 0.67) were significantly correlated with cumulative fluid balance (all P values < 0.001). The limits of agreement did not allow interchangeability for a delta of 2L between cumulative fluid balance and BIA-derived hydration variables (P > 0.05). BIA hydration-derived variables are significantly correlated with cumulative fluid balance but the large limits of agreements exclude interchangeability of the measures.
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Beyond the question of short-term survival, days spent at home could be considered a patient-centered outcome in critical care trials. ⋯ Many patients had complex health care trajectories after surviving critical illness. Wide variations in the ability to return home after ICU discharge were observed between clusters, which represents an important patient-centered outcome.