Articles: anesthetics.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Jan 1980
Comparative StudySister chromatid exchanges in lymphocytes in operating room personnel.
Sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) and sister chromatid exchange points (SCE-points) were counted in lymphocytes in peripheral blood drawn from hospital personnel exposed to anesthetics as well as from persons not exposed. A total of 38 healthy persons were investigated, representing female nurse anaesthetists, male physicians practising anaesthesia, female nurses from the intensive care unit, and female secretaries. ⋯ Correlation of cigarette smoking and number of SCE could not be demonstrated (r=0.255, n=38). It was concluded that by this method there was no indication of a mutagen effect of long-term exposure to waste anaesthetic gases such as halothane and nitrous oxide.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Belg · Jan 1980
The action of inhalation anesthetics upon the lower oesophageal sphincter.
The lower oesophageal sphincter plays an important role as a gastro-oesophageal blocker. Its proper function as a reflux barrier for the prevention of regurgitation and aspiration during anesthesia is very important. ⋯ The inhalation of nitrous oxide-oxygen alone or in combination with 2 Vol. % halothane or enflurane resulted in a highly significant pressure drop (p < 0.001) at the lower oesophageal sphincter. All three anesthetics (nitrous oxide-oxygen, nitrous oxide-oxygen-halothane and nitrous oxide-oxygen-enflurane) caused a pressure rise at the distal oesophagus and a pressure decrease at the stomach.
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Comparative Study
Experimental evaluation of local anaesthetic solutions using rat infraorbital nerve block.
The analgesic effectiveness of various local anaesthetic solutions was measured in the distribution of the infraorbital nerve of the rat. Using Sprague-Dawley rats sedated with phenobarbitone 25 mg/kg intraperitoneally and a simple stereotactic technique, 0.2 ml of solution was deposited at the infraorbital notch. The onset and duration of analgesia were ascertained by timing the unilateral absence of aversive response to pinching the upper lip, tested at intervals of five minutes. ⋯ Solutions were tested on sets of eight animals weighing 500--600 g. The average duration (minutes +/- S. D.) of analgesia produced by the respective injectates was as follows: Lidocaine 0.5% -42+/-12 Lidocaine 1.0% -47+/-10 Mepivacaine 0.5% -58+/-13 Mepivacaine 1.0% -78+/-23 Procaine 0.5% -0+/-0 Procaine 1.0% -34+/-10 Procaine 1.5% -46+/-13 2-Chloroprocaine 1.5% -38+/-9 Bupivacaine 0.5% -100+/-40 Etidocaine 1.0% -59+/-25 Tetracaine 0.2% -0+/-0 Tetracaine 0.3% -0+/-0 Comparison with other animal models used to evaluate conduction block indicates that this technique affords an improved, standardized and reliable experimental guide to the clinical analgesic properties of local anaesthetic agents.