Articles: mortality.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2008
Review Meta AnalysisAntioxidant supplements for prevention of mortality in healthy participants and patients with various diseases.
Animal and physiological research as well as observational studies suggest that antioxidant supplements may improve survival. ⋯ We found no evidence to support antioxidant supplements for primary or secondary prevention. Vitamin A, beta-carotene, and vitamin E may increase mortality. Future randomised trials could evaluate the potential effects of vitamin C and selenium for primary and secondary prevention. Such trials should be closely monitored for potential harmful effects. Antioxidant supplements need to be considered medicinal products and should undergo sufficient evaluation before marketing.
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Comparative Study
Differences in long-term mortality for different emergency department presenting complaints.
To characterize long-term mortality based on previous emergency department (ED) presenting complaints. ⋯ Long-term age- and gender-adjusted mortality is the highest with seizures out of 33 presenting complaints and differs markedly between different ED admission complaints. Furthermore, depending on the admission complaint, long-term mortality differs within the same discharge diagnosis. Hence, the presenting complaint adds unique information to the discharge diagnosis regarding long-term mortality in nonsurgical patients.
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Identification of the specific pollutants contributing most to the health hazard of the air pollution mixture may have important implications for environmental and social policies. In the current study, we conducted a time-series analysis to examine the specific effects of major air pollutants [particulate matter less than 10 microns in diameter (PM(10)), sulfur dioxide (SO(2)), and nitrogen dioxides (NO(2))] on daily mortality in Shanghai, China, using both single-pollutant and multiple-pollutant models. ⋯ Unlike some prior studies in North America, we found a significant effect of gaseous pollutants (SO(2) and NO(2)) on daily mortality even after adjustment for PM(10) in the multiple-pollutant models. Our findings, combined with previous Chinese studies showing a consistent, significant effect of gaseous pollutants on mortality, suggest that the role of outdoor exposure to SO(2) and NO(2) should be investigated further in China.
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This article discusses the results of a questionnaire completed by the National Population Projections Expert Advisory Group in spring 2007. As well as asking for the experts' opinions on the most likely future levels of key fertility, mortality and migration indicators, views were collected about a wide range of factors that may have an influence on key demographic variables over the next 25 years.
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Biodemography Soc Biol · Jan 2008
The shape of inequality: racial disparities in age-specific mortality.
There are significant mortality disparities across racial and socioeconomic (SES) groups. Although the mechanisms behind these disparities remain vague, there is a clear connection between the mortality disparities across racial and SES groups. It is less clear, though, if the relationship between SES and racial mortality disparities varies across the life course. ⋯ These results suggest that if we standardize mortality rates for age-variation in the SES-mortality relationship, then the age-pattern of racial mortality disparities will be attenuated. Using data from the National Longitudinal Mortality Study, I analyze the relationship between SES and racial disparities in age-specific mortality among adults aged 25 and over. The results suggest that racial differences in SES are most important early in the adult life, and are minimally related to the convergence in racial mortality disparities at the oldest ages.