Articles: brain-injuries.
-
Brain injury : [BI] · Feb 2001
ReviewDiagnostic criteria and differential diagnosis of mild traumatic brain injury.
Brain injury is classified clinically as severe, moderate or mild brain injury characteristics, including admission Glasgow coma score, duration of unconsciousness and post-traumatic amnesia and any focal neurological findings. Most traumatic brain injuries are classified as mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). Headache, nausea and dizziness are frequent symptoms after MTBI and may continue for weeks to months after the trauma. ⋯ Computed tomography of the brain seems to be the best way to exclude the development of relevant intracranial lesions. MTBI has a good clinical outcome, although a substantial group of patients develop post-concussional complaints (PCC). There is little information on the effectiveness of various methods suggested for reducing the frequency of PCC.
-
Journal of neurotrauma · Feb 2001
Injury severity and sensitivity to treatment after controlled cortical impact in rats.
We sought to determine sensitivity of the cortical impact injury model of traumatic brain injury (TBI) to severity of injury and to treatment. We examined the pattern of motor and cognitive deficits and recovery following TBI over a range of injury severities, and examined the efficacy of surface-induced moderate hypothermia at three disparate injury levels. In experiment I, Sprague-Dawley rats were injured at one of eight injury severity levels from 0 mm (sham) to 2.5 mm depth of penetration. ⋯ The 1.0-mm group exhibited small deficits that recovered completely by day 3; the 1.6-mm group recovered to the level of shams by day 5, and the 2.5-mm group did not show significant recovery during the testing period. Hypothermia effectively attenuated behavioral deficits for the 1.6-mm group, but had no effect on the other two groups. These three observations--that increasing injury severity is associated with increasing motor and cognitive deficits, that injury severity is related to recovery time, and that hypothermia treatment is selectively effective--have each been reported in the human TBI population; thus, moderate cortical impact injury in rats may be a model with clinical predictability for evaluating neuroprotective therapies.
-
Experimental neurology · Feb 2001
Selective blockade of the mGluR1 receptor reduces traumatic neuronal injury in vitro and improvesoOutcome after brain trauma.
The effects of selective blockade of group I metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 1 (mGluR1) on neuronal cell survival and post-traumatic recovery was examined using rat in vitro and in vivo trauma models. The selective mGluR1 antagonists (RS)-1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid (AIDA), 7-(hydroxyimino)cyclopropa[b]chromen-1a-carboxylate ethyl ester (CPCCOEt), and (S)-(+)-alpha-amino-4-carboxy-2-methylbezeneacetic acid (LY367385) provided significant neuroprotection in rat cortical neuronal cultures subjected to mechanical injury, in both pretreatment or posttreatment paradigms. Administration of the antagonists also attenuated glutamate-induced neuronal cell death in the cultures. ⋯ It appears that these compounds mediate their neuroprotective effect through an mGluR1 antagonist action, as demonstrated by inhibition of agonist induced phosphoinositide hydrolysis in our in vitro system. Moreover, AIDA, CPCCOEt, and LY367385, at concentrations shown to be neuroprotective, had no significant effects on the steady state NMDA evoked whole cell current. Taken together, these data suggest that modulation of mGluR1 activity may have substantial therapeutic potential in brain injury.
-
Chin. J. Traumatol. · Feb 2001
Inhibiting effect of moderate hypothermia on cell apoptosis after diffuse brain injury in rats.
To explore the variant processes of cell apoptosis and the inhibiting effect of moderate hypothermia on cell apoptosis after diffuse brain injury. ⋯ It suggests that apoptosis occurs after diffuse brain injury and apoptotic cells increase with the injury severity. Moderate hypothermia has a specific inhibiting effect on cell apoptosis after diffuse brain injury in rats.
-
Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther · Feb 2001
Comment Letter[Comments on "Severity in the prognosis following head-brain trauma." Krier C., Kienzle F. Anäesthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2000;35:63-66 and "Outcome factors in severe head-brain trauma." Thomas A et al. Anästhesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2000;35:91-8].