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Cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine, CDP-choline or citicoline, is an essential intermediate in the biosynthetic pathway of the structural phospholipids of cell membranes, especially in that of phosphatidylcholine. Upon oral or parenteral administration, CDP-choline releases its two principle components, cytidine and choline. When administered orally, it is absorbed almost completely, and its bioavailability is approximately the same as when administered intravenously. ⋯ Beneficial neuroendocrine, neuroimmunomodulatory and neurophysiological effects have been described. CDP-choline has also been shown to be effective as co-therapy for Parkinson's disease. No serious side effects have been found in any of the groups of patients treated with CDP-choline, which demonstrates the safety of the treatment.
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Clinical rheumatology · May 2020
EULAR definition of "arthralgia suspicious for progression to rheumatoid arthritis" in a large cohort of patients included in a program for rapid diagnosis: role of auto-antibodies and ultrasound.
To evaluate the performance of the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) definition of arthralgias suspicious for progression to RA in patients with hand arthralgias and to estimate the added value of both auto-antibodies and ultrasound (US) with power Doppler (PD). ⋯ EULAR definition of arthralgia suspicious for progression to RA had an acceptable performance to predict the future development of RA and improves adding information of both RF, ACPA and US with PD data.Key Points• Clinically suspect arthralgia may trigger rheumatologists to monitor patients closely for an early diagnosis.• EULAR definition of arthralgia suspicious for progression to RA predicts future development of arthritis.• Auto-antibodies and ultrasound improve EULAR definition of arthralgia suspicious for progression to RA.
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J Dtsch Dermatol Ges · Mar 2007
ReviewTrichophyton mentagrophytes sive interdigitale? A dermatophyte in the course of time.
Originally, the Trichophyton (T.) mentagrophytes complex distinguished between the anthropophilic subspecies T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale, T. mentagrophytes var. nodulare (synonym T. krajdenii), and T. mentagrophytes var. goetzii and the zoophilic subspecies T. mentagrophytes var. granulosum (rodents), T. mentagrophytes var. erinacei (hedgehog), and T. mentagrophytes var. quinckeanum (mice). In addition, two sexual species (teleomorph) of this complex are known. These are Arthroderma (A.) benhamiae Ajello and Cheng 1967 and Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii Takashio 1973. ⋯ The morphological differentiation between anthropophilic and zoophilic T. interdigitale strains by classical microscopical and biochemical methods is often problematic. In particular, it is impossible to differentiate between the zoophilic strains of T. interdigitale, T. mentagrophytes, and the Trichophyton anamorph of A. benhamiae. In these cases, molecular identification methods may be applied to answer epidemiological, taxonomical and therapeutic questions.
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Journal of critical care · Apr 2016
Early central diabetes insipidus: An ominous sign in post-cardiac arrest patients.
Central diabetes insipidus (CDI) after cardiac arrest is not well described. Thus, we aim to study the occurrences, outcomes, and risk factors of CDI of survivors after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). ⋯ All patients diagnosed with CDI had poor neurologic outcomes, and occurrence of CDI was associated with mortality. Central diabetes insipidus patients with death or brain death had earlier occurrence of CDI and more maximum urine output.
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Review Meta Analysis
Diagnostic Accuracy of Clinical Decision Rules to Exclude Fractures in Acute Ankle Injuries: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Ankle decision rules are developed to expedite patient care and reduce the number of radiographs of the ankle and foot. Currently, only three systematic reviews have been conducted on the accuracy of the Ottawa Ankle and Foot Rules (OAFR) in adults and children. However, no systematic review has been performed to determine the most accurate ankle decision rule. ⋯ The OAR and OAFR are the most accurate decision rules for excluding fractures in the event of an acute ankle injury.