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Created May 21, 2015, last updated almost 4 years ago.
Collection: 5, Score: 1336, Trend score: 0, Read count: 1500, Articles count: 5, Created: 2015-05-21 02:06:39 UTC. Updated: 2021-02-08 23:35:54 UTC.Notes
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Collected Articles
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Int J Obstet Anesth · Aug 2014
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudySpinal anaesthesia for caesarean section: an ultrasound comparison of two different landmark techniques.
Spinal anaesthesia performed at levels higher than the L3-4 intervertebral space may result in spinal cord injury. Our aim was to establish a protocol to reduce the chance of spinal anaesthesia performed at or above L2-3. ⋯ Our data suggest that when performing spinal anaesthesia in pregnant patients, if the intercristal line intersects an intervertebral space then the space below should be chosen and if the intercristal line intersects a spinous process then the interspace below should be chosen. This will reduce the incidence of spinal anaesthesia performed at or above L2-3.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jan 2015
Review Meta Analysis Comparative StudyHyperbaric versus plain bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Synergistic Interaction between Fentanyl and Bupivacaine Given Intrathecally for Labor Analgesia.
Intrathecal fentanyl synergistically improves labour analgesia when given in combination with bupivacaine.
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Journal of anesthesia · Jan 2008
Case ReportsDelayed respiratory depression associated with 0.15 mg intrathecal morphine for cesarean section: a review of 1915 cases.
A low dose of morphine, given intrathecally is an effective postoperative analgesic technique and is widely used in cesarean section. Delayed respiratory depression is the most feared side effect of this technique. However, this side effect has not been thoroughly reported in the obstetric population. The aim of this study was to describe respiratory depression associated with intrathecal morphine in postcesarean women, and to estimate its incidence. ⋯ Of 1915 patients, 5 women (0.26%) developed bradypnea associated with 0.15 mg intrathecal morphine. The incidence of severe bradypnea requiring naloxone was 1/1915 (0.052%).
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Aug 2019
Practice GuidelineSociety for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology Consensus Statement: Monitoring Recommendations for Prevention and Detection of Respiratory Depression Associated With Administration of Neuraxial Morphine for Cesarean Delivery Analgesia.
This consensus statement from the Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology (SOAP) provides post-operative monitoring guidelines for women receiving neuraxial morphine for cesarean section analgesia.
The context
Neuraxial morphine is a widely used and effective technique for managing post-cesarean pain in the first 24 hours. However because of morphine’s low-lipid solubility, the risk of delayed repsiratory depression has required frequent respiratory monitoring in this first 24 hour period.
The SOAP task force aimed to balance opioid safety needs while avoiding excessive respiratory monitoring in new mothers. Existing ASA/ASRA guidelines were considered by many obstetric anesthesiologists to be too rigorous when applied to the healthy post-natal population, both because of their lower risk of respiratory depression and even greater need to minimize sleep interruptions.
“The SOAP Task Force members strongly agree that neuraxial morphine should be the preferred method for postcesarean delivery analgesia in healthy women.”
The recommendations
- Ultra-low dose intrathecal (≤50 mcg) or epidural (≤1 mg) morphine in low-risk women does not require extra respiratory monitoring.
- Low dose intrathecal (50-150 mcg) or epidural (1-3 mg) morphine in low-risk women should have respiratory rate and sedation monitored every 2h for the first 12h.
- Women with significant comorbities, sedation risk factors or if receiving higher morphine doses should be monitored as per ASA/ASRA guidelines.
- Low-dose intrathecal (50-150 mcg) or epidural (1-3 mg) morphine provides the best balance between analgesia and minimising side effects.
Explore more...
The paper’s full-text goes into more detail covering the evidence for the safety and efficacy of neuraxial morphine, the incidence of respiratory depression, respiratory monitoring techniques and duration, optimal dosing and analgesic regimes.
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