• Sumaira Khalil, Tariq Ghafoor, Tanzeela Farah, and Awais Arshad.
• Department of Paediatric Oncology, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
• J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2020 Apr 1; 30 (4): 379-384.

ObjectiveTo determine the impact of cytogenetic abnormalities on the treatment outcome of paediatric acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) at a tertiary care facility of Pakistan.Study DesignRetrospective Observational study.Place And Duration Of StudyPaediatric Oncology Ward, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from January 2012 to September 2019.MethodologyAll registered cases of AML under 18 years of age, admitted to paediatric oncology ward in Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, who had completed their treatment before 30th September 2019 were included. Their demographic and clinical data including WBC counts, immunophenotyping, cytogenetic abnormalities and impact of cytogenetics on disease outcome was assessed. Data was analysed for descriptive statistics and association of proportions.ResultsData of 138 cases of de novo AML including 90 (65.2%) males and 48 (34.8%) females were analysed. The mean age was 6.37 ±3.51 years. Initial WBC of more than 50x109/L was seen in 43 (31.2%) patients. The most common FAB subtype was M-2 in 74 (53.6%), followed by M-4 in 20 (14.5%) cases. The majority of cases 81 (58.7%) had normal cytogenetics followed by 42 (30.4%) favourable and 15 (10.8%) unfavourable abnormalities. Five-year overall survival was 82.4%, 56.5% and 55.6% for favourable, intermediate and unfavourable risk cytogenetics, respectively (p=0.039). Disease-free survival was 82.4%, 51.6% and 44.4% for favourable, intermediate and unfavourable risk cytogenetics (p=0.008).ConclusionsIdentification of cytogenetic aberrations at diagnosis will help in risk stratification and predicting prognosis in AML. This will further assist in improving treatment strategies for different cytogenetic risk groups. Key Words: Paediatric acute myeloid leukaemia, Cytogenetics, Treatment outcome.

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