• Fang-Yang Huang, Jageshwar Prasad Shah, Xiao-Bo Pu, Abdullah Hagar, and Shi-Jian Chen.
• Cardiology Department, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, 2 Wufengshan Road, Enshi, Hubei, China; Cardiology Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
• Am. J. Med. Sci. 2020 Nov 1; 360 (5): 517-524.

BackgroundGender plays a crucial role in the prevalence, clinical presentation, management and outcomes of various cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of gender on clinical manifestations and outcomes in the Chinese patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).MethodsWe evaluated 576 Chinese patients (316 males) who were diagnosed with HCM at West China Hospital from 2008 to 2016 and followed over 3.2 ± 2.3 years.ResultsCompared to male patients, female patients were older (57.2 ± 16.7 years vs. 53.0 ± 15.7 years, P = 0.002) and more symptomatic [New York Heart Association class III-IV symptoms 46.9% vs. 30.7%, P < 0.001] at the time of diagnosis, and had higher left ventricular outflow tract gradient at rest [33 (12-58) mmHg vs. 24 (8-42) mmHg, P = 0.007]. During the follow-up period, survival analysis showed no significant differences in the incidences of all-cause mortality (P = 0.657) and cardiovascular mortality (P = 0.214) but the rate of rehospitalization due to heart failure was higher in females than in males (P = 0.015). Multivariable Cox analysis showed that left ventricular ejection fraction (hazard ratio [HR], 0.96 [95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94-0.99]; P = 0.003) and New York Heart Association class III-IV (HR, 2.86 [95% CI, 1.38-5.94]; P = 0.005) were independently associated with cardiovascular mortality.ConclusionsCompared to males, females were older and more symptomatic at presentation, and had higher risk of progression to heart failure in Chinese HCM patients but there were no differences in cardiovascular mortality.Copyright © 2020 Southern Society for Clinical Investigation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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