• I-Chen Wu, Yin-Yi Chu, Yao-Kuang Wang, Cho-Lun Tsai, Jung-Chun Lin, Chao-Hung Kuo, Hsiang-Yao Shih, Chen-Shuan Chung, Ming-Luen Hu, Wei-Chih Sun, Jack P Wang, and Hsiu-Po Wang.
• Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
• J Formos Med Assoc. 2021 Jan 1; 120 (1 Pt 2): 508-514.

Background & AimsEsophageal neuroendocrine tumors (NET) are very rare and mostly carcinomic, carrying poor prognosis. There is still no guideline or consensus on the treatment for esophageal NET.MethodsPatients with histologically-proven esophageal neuroendocrine tumor were recruited from 9 hospitals in Taiwan between 2002 and 2017. Clinical, laboratory, radiological, endoscopic, pathological data, treatment strategies, follow-up periods, and survivals were collected retrospectively.ResultsIn total, 39 esophageal NET were analyzed and 38 were neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC). Sixteen (41%) patients had mixed components with either adenocarcinoma (N = 9, 23%) or squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) (N = 7, 18%). 64.1% of the patients experienced dysphagia and ulcerative mass was the most comment endoscopic finding. There was a higher proportion of drinkers (54.1%), betel chewers (21.6%) and smokers (64.9%) among the patients than in the general population in Taiwan. Five patients (12.8%) had been diagnosed with other cancers. Definite chemoradiotherapy (N = 14, 35.9%) and surgery (N = 7, 17.9%) were the major treatment. Patients with Ki-67% above the median level (50%) in the tumors tended to have worse survival (P = 0.06). However, presence of mixed component was not a significant survival predictor in our study (P = 0.56).ConclusionMixed component of an esophageal NET is commonly observed. Staged workup and the principle of treatment can follow that for the common cancer type of esophagus. The risk factors and behaviors of esophageal NEC in Taiwan seem to be similar to that of esophageal SCC.Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier B.V.

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