• Delbar Daneshjou, Shahrzad Zadeh Modarres, Malek Soleimani Mehranjani, and Seyed Mohammad Ali Shariat Zadeh.
• Department of Biologyt, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak, Iran.
• Ir J Med Sci. 2021 May 1; 190 (2): 685-692.

BackgroundInsulin resistance plays a major role in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Therefore, there is a growing interest in the use of insulin sensitizer drugs in the treatment of PCOS. Research in recent years has shown that sitagliptin has been reported to improve ovarian cycles and ovulation in PCOS patients.AimsWe aimed to compare the effects of metformin and sitagliptin on PCOS individuals undergoing ICSI.MethodsSixty PCOS patients were divided into 3 groups: metformin, sitagliptin, and placebo group. Treatment was carried out 2 months before the start of the ovulation cycle and continued until the day of oocyte aspiration. The serum levels of total testosterone, estradiol, and fasting insulin along with the total number of retrieved, normal and abnormal MII, and fertilized oocytes, the number of transferred embryos (grades I, II and III), and biochemical and clinical pregnancy rates as well as the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) were evaluated.ResultsThere was a significant reduction in the serum levels of Insulin and total testosterone in the treated groups compared with the placebo. The number of mature and normal MII oocytes increased significantly in the treated groups compared with the placebo. Moreover, the number of immature oocytes decreased significantly and the number of grade I embryos increases significantly in the sitagliptin group compared with the placebo group.ConclusionWe conclude that sitagliptin can improve the maturation of oocytes and embryos' quality more effectively than metformin, in PCOS patients undergoing ICSI.Trial RegistrationTrial registration is NCT04268563 ( https://clinicaltrials.gov ).

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