• Elnaz Lorzadeh, Mohsen Akhondi-Meybodi, Hassan Mozaffari-Khosravi, Masoud Mirzaei, and Amin Salehi-Abargouei.
• Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
• Nutrition. 2021 Jan 1; 81: 110897.

ObjectivesLimited data exist on the association between dietary patterns (DPs) and enzymes mainly produced by the liver. This study aimed to examine the relationship between empirically derived DPs and serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels in addition to the alanine/aspartate aminotransferase ratio.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted on adults in the baseline phase of the Shahedieh cohort study in Yazd, Iran. Blood samples were taken from participants in a fasted state to provide data on dietary intake and other variables. Major DPs were derived using a principal component analysis.ResultsIn total, 4973 participants (age 46.33 ± 9.08 y) were included in the study. Three DPs were derived: Traditional diet (high in vegetables, fruits, tomatoes, dairy, dried fruits, fruit juice, yogurt, olive and olive oil, sweet desserts, and high-fat dairy products), western diet (high in pizza, refined grains, soft drinks, high-fat dairy products, processed meats, mayonnaise, and snack foods), and hydrogenated fat and sugar diet (high in hydrogenated fat, potatoes, sugars, and legumes). After adjustment for all confounders, the western DP had a significant linear association with serum GGT (P < 0.001). This diet was also associated with higher odds for developing abnormal levels of serum GGT (Ptrend < 0.001). Although the other DPs had some linear associations with enzymes levels, they were not associated with the likelihood for developing abnormally high liver enzymes levels.ConclusionsA higher consumption of a western DP might adversely affect serum GGT levels. Prospective studies are recommended to confirm our results.Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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