• Nima Pouladi, Christian Bime, GarciaJoe G NJGNUniversity of Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz; Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz., and Yves A Lussier.
• Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz; Center for Biomedical Informatics and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz; BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz.
• Transl Res. 2016 Feb 1; 168: 223922-39.

AbstractThe advent of high-throughput technologies has provided exceptional assistance for lung scientists to discover novel genetic variants underlying the development and progression of complex lung diseases. However, the discovered variants thus far do not explain much of the estimated heritability of complex lung diseases. Here, we review the literature of successfully used genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and identified the polymorphisms that reproducibly underpin the susceptibility to various noncancerous complex lung diseases or affect therapeutic responses. We also discuss the inherent limitations of GWAS approaches and how the use of next-generation sequencing technologies has furthered our understanding about the genetic determinants of these diseases. Next, we describe the contribution of the metagenomics to understand the interactions of the airways microbiome with lung diseases. We then highlight the urgent need for new integrative genomics-phenomics methods to more effectively interrogate and understand multiple downstream "omics" (eg, chromatin modification patterns). Finally, we address the scarcity of genetic studies addressing under-represented populations such as African Americans and Hispanics.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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