• Tehreem Fatima, Muhammad Haroon Hamid, Abdul Ahad Jamshaid, and Areeba Wasim.
• Department of Paediatric Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan.
• J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2020 Aug 1; 30 (8): 805-809.

ObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness of bubble continuous positive airway pressure (bCPAP) and oxygen inhalation via nasal cannula in neonates presenting with respiratory distress, using Silverman Anderson Retraction Score (SARS).Study DesignRandomised clinical trial.Place And Duration Of StudyDepartment of Paediatrics, Unit-1, KEMU/Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, from April 2017 to June 2018.MethodologyA total of 120 neonates fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled and were randomly allocated in two groups: Group A and Group B. In group A, neonates were given bCPAP for respiratory support, while neonates in group B were given nasal oxygen as control group. Neonates in both groups were followed for 48 hours. The effectiveness was determined by the reduction in SARS, up to or less than score 3, at the end of a 48-hour period. Data were collected and analysed by SPSS version 20.0. P-value ≤0.05 was taken as significant.ResultsIn Group A, effectiveness was found to be 93.3%, and in Group B effectiveness was 71.7% (p = 0.003). Median reduction in SARS from 00 to 48 hours, in group A (bCPAP) was 4 (4 - 5) while in group B (control), it was 3 (2 - 3); statistically significant (p <0.001).ConclusionBubble CPAP was more effective than nasal oxygen alone, in treatment of respiratory distress among neonates. This study suggested that bCPAP should be used more frequently in NICUs of Pakistan to reduce burden of neonatal morbidity due to respiratory distress. Key Words: Bubble CPAP, Respiratory distress, Neonates, Silverman Anderson Retraction Score.

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