• Maria C Borges, Marco A R Vinolo, Amanda R Crisma, Ricardo A Fock, Primavera Borelli, Julio Tirapegui, Rui Curi, and Marcelo M Rogero.
• Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
• Nutrition. 2013 Feb 1;29(2):443-9.

ObjectiveThe present study was designed to investigate the effect of a high-fat diet (HFD) on the inflammatory response of peritoneal macrophages.MethodsMale Wistar rats were fed a control diet (n = 12) or an HFD (n = 12) for 12 wk. After euthanasia, peritoneal macrophages were collected and stimulated (or not) with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Results from the assays using peritoneal macrophages were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance or an equivalent non-parametric test. The level of significance adopted was 0.05.ResultsConsumption of the HFD was associated with significant increases in weight gain and fat depots (P < 0.05). Despite having no influence in systemic markers of inflammation, such as interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, the HFD intake significantly decreased insulin sensitivity, as evaluated by the homeostasis model assessment index (P < 0.05). A decreased production of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and nitric oxide in response to the LPS stimulation was observed in peritoneal macrophages from the HFD group (P < 0.05). Also, in HFD-fed animals, LPS incubation did not increase IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA expression (P < 0.05). These effects were associated with an attenuation of IκB inhibitor kinase-β phosphorylation and nuclear factor-κB activation in response to LPS and with a failure to decrease IκB inhibitor-α expression (P < 0.05).ConclusionChronic consumption of an HFD decreased the LPS-induced inflammatory response of peritoneal macrophages, which was associated with a downregulation of the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway.Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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